Sector
Fintech VC Funds
Venture capital funds investing in financial technology, payments, banking, insurance, and wealth management startups.
Bloc Ventures is a specialist deep tech investor founded in 2013 by Bruce Beckloff and David Leftley, both veterans of ARM and Vodafone. The firm focuses on early-stage investments in European deep tech companies, particularly those working in cloud computing, connectivity, data science, and security. They aim to support ambitious entrepreneurs building products with the potential to impact entire industries. Bloc Ventures has a robust portfolio of companies, including Helix Geospace (precision antennas), Mindtrace (AI software), Paytia (cloud-based PCI compliance solutions), Pharrowtech (RF semiconductor technology), and Shield-IoT (IoT security platform). These investments highlight Bloc's commitment to advancing technologies that enable significant industry advancements. The firm recently raised over €23.9 million to fund early-stage deep tech startups in Europe, led by IPGL Limited and supported by industry leaders. This funding will support new portfolio additions and follow-on investments, aligning with Bloc’s strategy to scale companies of global significance. Bloc Ventures is headquartered in London and is recognized for its expert-led funding approach, combining technological, commercialization, and financial expertise to help startups reach their full potential. The team includes professionals with extensive backgrounds in the tech industry, venture capital, and company management, ensuring a hands-on and supportive partnership for their portfolio companies
Bloccelerate VC is a Seattle-based venture capital firm focused on early-stage investments in blockchain technology. Founded in 2018, the firm backs entrepreneurs developing innovative blockchain solutions that have the potential to redefine industries and create a self-sovereign economy. Bloccelerate invests in companies that leverage blockchain’s ability to provide trust without intermediaries, spanning sectors like decentralized finance (DeFi), digital identity, and Web3. Their portfolio includes companies such as Evertas and Cloudburst Technologies, and they typically invest in Seed and Series A stages. Bloccelerate is committed to supporting its portfolio with a research-driven approach and hands-on collaboration.
Blockchain Capital, founded in 2013 and based in San Francisco, is a pioneering venture capital firm focusing exclusively on blockchain technology and the crypto ecosystem. The firm manages multiple funds, with the most recent being Blockchain Capital Fund V, which closed at $300 million. Notable investors in this fund include PayPal and Visa. The firm has invested in over 110 companies and protocols, including prominent industry leaders such as Coinbase, Kraken, Anchorage, and OpenSea, as well as DeFi innovators like Aave, Nexus Mutual, and UMA. Blockchain Capital's investment strategy targets blockchain infrastructure, decentralized finance (DeFi), non-fungible tokens (NFTs), and emerging applications of blockchain technology. The leadership team, led by co-founder and managing partner Bart Stephens, emphasizes leveraging their extensive network, research capabilities, and industry contacts to support and grow their portfolio companies. The team has expanded to 15 members, including the recently promoted partner, Aleks Larsen.
Blockchain Founders Fund (BFF), based in Singapore, is a leading early-stage venture capital firm that focuses on Web3 and blockchain startups. Founded in 2018, the fund has rapidly grown its portfolio to over 100 companies, including high-profile names like Splinterlands, Futureverse, and Krayon. BFF is dedicated to supporting promising pre-seed and seed-stage startups, with a strong emphasis on driving the adoption of blockchain technology in real-world applications. The firm recently closed its second fund at $75 million, backed by notable investors such as Polygon, Ripple, and NEO Global Capital. BFF takes a hands-on approach, providing extensive support to its portfolio companies through its venture-building program. This program offers resources across critical business areas such as marketing, tokenomics, and growth strategies, helping startups scale efficiently even in challenging market conditions. BFF’s global network of over 350 executive advisors further strengthens its ability to mentor and guide portfolio founders. The fund continues to actively invest in projects that aim to revolutionize industries and promote decentralization.
Blockchain Ventures, the investment arm of Blockchain.com, focuses on advancing distributed ledger technologies (DLT) that drive positive societal change. Their portfolio includes high-impact projects such as Messari, Arbitrum, and Theta, all of which contribute to the broader blockchain ecosystem beyond just finance. They invest across both equity and token projects, providing strategic support in legal, technical, and financial areas. Primarily, Blockchain Ventures targets early-stage startups in blockchain infrastructure, decentralized finance (DeFi), and crypto asset platforms. Their investments are global, with no specific geographic boundaries, though they are particularly active in regions with strong tech and crypto ecosystems like the US and Europe. The fund typically takes an active role in leading investment rounds, with check sizes ranging from $1M to $10M depending on the opportunity. Startups seeking funding should come prepared with a clear value proposition and alignment with their mission to create an open, accessible financial system. Blockchain Ventures is known for its hands-on approach, leveraging Blockchain.com's platform, which serves over 89 million users, to support its portfolio companies. The leadership team includes Samuel Harrison and Peter Smith, who are well-respected figures in the crypto space, bringing deep industry expertise and a vision for long-term blockchain adoption. Their connections and insights make Blockchain Ventures a powerful partner for emerging blockchain innovators.
Blockchange Ventures is a New York-based venture capital firm that focuses on early-stage investments in blockchain technology, protocols, and decentralized applications. Founded in 2017, the firm has built a strong portfolio with notable investments in projects like Polkadot, Solana, Audius, and Figure, all of which are driving forward the blockchain and crypto ecosystems. The fund primarily invests in pre-seed to Series A rounds, targeting companies that are working on innovative applications in blockchain, fintech, and decentralized infrastructure. Their average check size ranges from $1M to $3M, with the team typically co-investing alongside other prominent blockchain VCs. Blockchange is known for its hands-on approach, providing strategic guidance on marketing, competitive positioning, and growth opportunities for its portfolio companies. Led by founder Ken Seiff, the Blockchange team leverages deep expertise in scaling early-stage companies. They are particularly known for being adaptable—engaging heavily or lightly depending on the needs of each startup. The firm is highly selective, looking for visionary founders who are pushing the boundaries of what blockchain technology can achieve. Blockchange Ventures has also been active in high-potential areas like decentralized finance (DeFi), network security, and blockchain-based SaaS models, aiming to support the next wave of transformative blockchain applications.
Bloomberg Beta, an early-stage venture capital firm launched in 2013, manages $375 million in total across several funds. Backed solely by Bloomberg L.P., the firm focuses on investing in startups that aim to improve the future of work, emphasizing machine intelligence and data-centric technologies. Notable investments include companies such as Repl.it, a cloud computing platform for developers; LaunchDarkly, which helps software teams build better software faster; and StrongDM, an infrastructure access platform. Bloomberg Beta has also had significant exits, including Rigetti Computing, Orbital Insight, and Flashpoint. The firm operates independently from Bloomberg L.P., and its team, led by Roy Bahat, Karin Klein, and James Cham, employs a unique investing model where any team member can independently approve deals. They maintain a strong commitment to transparency, with their operating manual and investment criteria publicly available on GitHub. Bloomberg Beta supports entrepreneurs through various stages of growth, leveraging data to identify potential founders and emphasizing a collaborative approach to investment. Their investment strategy is broad, focusing on startups that can bring transformative changes to how businesses operate and how people work
Blossom Capital, founded in 2017 and headquartered in London, has quickly established itself as a leading Series A investor in Europe. Led by Ophelia Brown, Imran Ghory, and Alex Lim, Blossom Capital focuses on high-potential sectors such as fintech, consumer internet, Web3, and enterprise SaaS. Notable investments include Moonpay, Checkout.com, Fat Llama, and Tines, demonstrating their knack for backing innovative startups. Blossom's strategy emphasizes deep, hands-on involvement, limiting investments to 5-6 Series A rounds per year to provide focused support. This approach includes assisting with recruitment, go-to-market strategies, and subsequent fundraising efforts. They prioritize building strong, long-term relationships with founders, often spending months getting to know them before committing to an investment. The firm has a robust track record, with portfolio companies like Checkout.com and Moonpay achieving significant growth and valuations. Blossom's $432 million third fund, raised from prominent US and European investors, underscores their commitment to nurturing Europe's tech ecosystem. For startups seeking to partner with Blossom, the key is demonstrating a clear vision and potential for substantial market impact. They value founders who are not only innovative but also resilient and prepared to scale efficiently. Blossom’s team, known for their rigorous support and strategic insight, is dedicated to propelling their portfolio companies to new heights.
Blu Venture Investors is a proactive venture capital fund that excels in early-stage investments, focusing on cybersecurity, healthtech, and B2B SaaS. With notable investments in startups such as Urgently, Interfolio, and Avizia, Blu Venture has a strong track record of supporting companies poised for growth. The fund is geographically focused on the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, providing strategic support and funding primarily to companies within this area. Their investment strategy is characterized by a hands-on approach, leveraging their team’s entrepreneurial experience to mentor and guide founders. They typically invest between $250,000 and $2 million per company, often leading the investment rounds and taking active roles in guiding company strategy and development. Blu Venture Investors prides itself on a founder-aligned approach, prioritizing long-term relationships and operational support. The team comprises seasoned entrepreneurs and industry operators who understand the challenges of building a business and offer valuable insights and mentorship to their portfolio companies. This commitment is reflected in their active involvement in portfolio companies' growth and success (Blu Ventures). Overall, Blu Venture Investors is an ideal partner for early-stage startups looking for more than just capital. Their approach combines financial support with strategic guidance, ensuring that their portfolio companies have the resources and expertise needed to succeed in a competitive market.
Blue Bear Capital is a venture capital firm that invests in high-growth technology companies across the energy, infrastructure, and climate industries. The firm focuses on the digitization of the traditional energy supply chain, the industrialization of renewable energy, and the development of data-driven grids. Key investment themes include leveraging machine learning, industrial internet, and cloud computing technologies to create smarter, more efficient energy solutions. Blue Bear Capital has a strong team with diverse expertise in energy private equity, technology, and entrepreneurial ventures. Partners like Ernst Theodor Sack, Vaughn Blake, and Carolin Funk lead the firm with extensive backgrounds in energy and technology domains (Blue Bear Capital). The firm's advisory board includes notable figures such as Lord John Browne, who bring additional industry insight and experience. The firm’s portfolio includes companies like First Resonance, which enhances manufacturing software principles, Urbint, an AI-driven safety risk prevention platform, and EnMass Energy, which optimizes waste-to-value supply chains. Other notable investments are Demex, providing climate-linked risk management, and Pani Energy, focusing on industrial AI for water treatment efficiency
Blue Collective is a multi-strategy venture capital firm based in Brooklyn, New York, that prioritizes investing in exceptional people and groundbreaking ideas. Founded in 2014 by JJ Kasper and Brian Stafford, the firm focuses on early-stage investments across a variety of sectors, including consumer products, B2B services, enterprise software, and healthtech. Notable investments include Unqork, Tecovas, ZocDoc, MediaMath, and Catalina Crunch, showcasing their diverse portfolio. Blue Collective typically writes checks ranging from $250K to $2 million and prefers to follow rather than lead funding rounds. However, they are willing to step in as lead investors if they have strong conviction in the opportunity. The firm's investment strategy emphasizes deep and ongoing engagement with founders, offering support in strategic, operational, and technical areas to help businesses scale. Blue Collective prides itself on maintaining a transparent and efficient decision-making process, involving all team members, from partners to associates, in the investment decisions. With a focus on strong, long-term relationships, Blue Collective supports their portfolio companies through introductions, advice, and an annual retreat to foster a community among their founders. They maintain a people-first approach, prioritizing the growth and well-being of their team and stakeholders. Overall, Blue Collective is committed to backing phenomenal entrepreneurs and building innovative businesses that have the potential to make a significant impact.
Blue Horizon is a Zurich-based venture capital firm focused on investing in the future of food. Founded in 2016 by Bjoern Witte and Roger Lienhard, the firm has established itself as a leader in the sustainable food sector, managing over $850 million in assets and investing in more than 60 companies globally. The firm primarily targets the alternative protein and food technology industries, with notable investments in companies like Impossible Foods, Mosa Meat, and Planted. These investments reflect Blue Horizon's commitment to pioneering innovations that promote sustainability and environmental responsibility. Mosa Meat, for instance, developed the world’s first lab-grown beef burger, while Planted is a notable player in the vegan meat market. Blue Horizon’s investment strategy emphasizes a full lifecycle approach, supporting companies from seed stage through to significant growth phases. They focus on businesses that offer transformative solutions to global challenges in the food system, such as reducing reliance on traditional meat and dairy production, and promoting plant-based and cultured food alternatives. For startups looking to connect with Blue Horizon, demonstrating a strong alignment with their mission of creating a sustainable food system and showcasing innovative solutions that address significant market opportunities are key to forming a successful partnership.
Blue Ocean Partners, managed by SWEN Capital Partners, is a pioneering venture capital firm dedicated to restoring ocean health through impactful investments. Launched in 2021, Blue Ocean has quickly become the world’s largest ocean-focused venture fund, closing at €170 million in 2023, far exceeding its initial target of €120 million. The fund targets startups that are developing innovative solutions to combat key challenges facing the oceans, including overfishing, pollution, and climate change. The fund’s portfolio includes a diverse range of companies that are driving significant environmental impact. For example, ECOsubsea offers environmentally friendly in-water hull cleaning services that reduce carbon emissions and prevent the spread of invasive species. Another portfolio company, BlueNav, develops hybrid electric propulsion systems that help reduce the carbon footprint of marine transportation. Additionally, Avant is pioneering the production of cultivated seafood, offering a sustainable alternative to traditional fishing practices. Blue Ocean Partners is committed to generating both financial returns and measurable environmental outcomes. The fund’s investments are aligned with global efforts to regenerate marine ecosystems and contribute to the broader movement of sustainable ocean innovation. As a co-founder of the 1000 Ocean Start-ups initiative, Blue Ocean Partners plays a key role in scaling transformative ocean-focused technologies globally, further solidifying its leadership in the ocean impact investing space.
Blue Wire Capital, established in 2013, is a London-based venture capital firm that focuses on early-stage investments, particularly in the pre-seed and seed stages. The firm invests across industries such as business software, environmental services, and educational technology. Notable portfolio companies include Climate X, Five, and Praktika.ai. Geographically, their investments are concentrated in Europe, with a strong presence in London. Blue Wire Capital's strategy emphasizes supporting visionary entrepreneurs addressing global challenges through technology. They typically lead investment rounds, with average check sizes around $5.96 million. They are active, engaging in 2-6 deals annually, and maintain a flexible approach to capital deployment. The team includes Bertie Highmore, Head of Investments, who brings experience from Goldman Sachs and Susquehanna International Group. To approach Blue Wire Capital, startups are advised to demonstrate innovative solutions with significant impact potential. The firm values fast and flexible access to capital, providing not just funding but also strategic support and networking opportunities to foster entrepreneurial success.
Blue Haven Initiative is a pioneering family office focused on combining competitive financial returns with deep social and environmental impact. Co-founded by Liesel Pritzker Simmons and Ian Simmons in 2012, it manages a diverse portfolio across asset classes including public equities, private equity, fixed income, and direct investments. The initiative targets sectors such as clean energy, financial inclusion, and healthcare, with notable investments in companies like CrossBoundary, PEG Africa, and M-Kopa. Geographically, Blue Haven has a significant focus on Sub-Saharan Africa, where it supports early-stage businesses that create economic opportunities and improve living standards in underserved communities. Their strategy includes not only market-rate investments but also philanthropic efforts, policy advocacy, and coalition-building to drive systemic change. As an active early-stage investor, Blue Haven often leads rounds, leveraging its flexibility as a family office to deploy catalytic capital where needed. Ian Simmons, a champion of long-term, impactful investing, leads the team from their headquarters in Cambridge, Massachusetts, working closely with external partners to maximize both financial and social returns.
BluePointe Ventures, founded in 2014 and based in San Mateo, California, is a venture capital arm of BluePointe Capital Management. The firm primarily invests in innovative companies within the sectors of artificial intelligence, augmented reality, virtual reality, big data, and cloud/SaaS. Notable investments include ClassPass, Pipedrive, and Palantir Technologies, with successful exits from companies like Postmates and Nextdoor. BluePointe Ventures focuses on early to growth-stage startups and typically makes investments ranging from seed to Series A. They prefer to fund companies that demonstrate potential for significant technological advancement and market impact. The firm is particularly active in North America but also explores opportunities globally. Their investment strategy includes a mix of direct investments and participation in micro VC funds. They emphasize partnering with founders who leverage frontier technology to enhance human experiences. The fund's average investment size is around $6 million, and they have a track record of leading rounds, especially in their peak activity years like 2021. The leadership team at BluePointe Ventures includes Co-Founder and Managing Director Sandeep Sardana, CEO Sanjeev Sardana, and COO Laura Baverman, all of whom bring substantial experience in venture capital and strategic investments. For startups seeking investment, BluePointe Ventures values innovative solutions that align with their focus on transformative technologies. Entrepreneurs are advised to approach them with a clear demonstration of how their technology can create significant market disruptions and drive long-term growth.
BlueRun Ventures (BRV), founded in 1998 and headquartered in Menlo Park, CA, is an early-stage venture capital firm with a global presence. The firm has offices in the United States, China (Beijing and Shanghai), and South Korea. BRV is known for its focus on mobile, fintech, digital health, and consumer experiences, targeting startups that solve significant problems in these sectors. BRV's portfolio boasts notable investments including PayPal, Waze, Coupa, and Kabbage, showcasing their track record in identifying and nurturing high-potential companies. The firm’s investment strategy involves leading seed and Series A rounds, typically investing between $2 million and $8 million per deal. They prioritize early-stage companies that exhibit strong growth potential and innovative solutions. The BRV team consists of experienced professionals such as co-founders John Malloy and Jonathan Ebinger, who bring deep expertise in mobile software, services, and financial technology. The team leverages its collective experience in product development, marketing, and design to support portfolio companies. Startups looking to engage with BRV should emphasize their potential for disruption and scalability. The firm values entrepreneurs who are pushing industry boundaries and can benefit from BRV’s extensive network and hands-on approach to growth.
BlueYard Capital is a venture capital firm that invests in early-stage companies with transformative potential across various industries. Established to support innovative founders, BlueYard focuses on creating a future where markets are open and decentralized, significant planetary challenges are addressed, and knowledge and data are liberated. The firm is known for its thematic investments in sectors like blockchain, crypto, artificial intelligence, web3, and biotechnology. BlueYard has a diverse portfolio that includes companies such as Bit Bio, Meatable, and Biofidelity, which are involved in biotechnology and healthcare innovations. The firm also invests in blockchain and crypto platforms like Centrifuge and Agnostic, aiming to revolutionize data management and financial systems. The firm's investment strategy emphasizes backing open-ended, breakthrough research and early-stage startups. BlueYard's portfolio companies benefit from its extensive network, strategic guidance, and a supportive investment environment that fosters innovation and growth.
Blumberg Capital is an early-stage venture capital firm that invests in startups from inception through growth stages. With over $650 million in assets under management, the firm focuses on sectors such as fintech, AI, cybersecurity, enterprise software, and digital health. Blumberg Capital has been a key player in supporting companies that use transformative technologies to empower individuals and businesses. Notable investments include Nutanix, BioCatch, and DoubleVerify, demonstrating their success in various tech-driven industries. Additionally, Blumberg Capital has heavily invested in fintech companies, making up about 29% of their portfolio. Key fintech investments include Fundbox, Lendio, and Addepar. The firm is known for its hands-on approach, providing not just capital but also strategic support, leveraging its extensive network and expertise to help startups succeed. Blumberg Capital's investment strategy involves leading seed and Series A rounds, with initial investments ranging from $500,000 to $5 million. They are committed to partnering with visionary entrepreneurs and helping them navigate the challenges of scaling their businesses. The firm operates internationally, with offices in Miami, New York, San Francisco, and Tel Aviv. Their approach and successful track record make Blumberg Capital a prominent player in the venture capital landscape, supporting innovative companies that are shaping the future through technology.
Boeing, the world's largest aerospace company, has a storied history and a diverse range of significant projects. The company's most iconic aircraft is the Boeing 747, known as the "Queen of the Skies." Boeing is also known for its groundbreaking 787 Dreamliner, which sets new standards for fuel efficiency and passenger comfort, reducing carbon emissions significantly. Boeing's defense and space projects are equally impressive. The CST-100 Starliner, developed in collaboration with NASA, is designed to transport crew and cargo to low-Earth orbit, including missions to the International Space Station. Another notable project is the MQ-25 Stingray, an unmanned aerial refueler designed to extend the range of U.S. Navy aircraft. The company has a strong focus on sustainability, demonstrated by their investment in sustainable aviation fuels and innovative aircraft designs that improve fuel efficiency. Their commitment to innovation is further exemplified by projects like the Wisk, the world’s first self-flying, all-electric air taxi. Boeing's leadership in the aerospace sector is underpinned by a substantial annual investment in research and development, which drives advancements in autonomous aircraft, smart factories, and other cutting-edge technologies. This ongoing innovation ensures Boeing remains at the forefront of aerospace and defense.
Boğaziçi Ventures, established in 2015 and headquartered in Istanbul, Turkey, is a venture capital firm focusing on early-stage investments in technology-driven sectors. They target industries such as fintech, health tech, retail tech, and gaming, aiming to support innovative startups that can achieve substantial growth and impact. Notable investments by Boğaziçi Ventures include Cerebrum Tech, a company specializing in digital transformation solutions, and Hiwell, an online therapy platform. They have made 59 investments, primarily within Turkey, but also in regions like the United Kingdom and the United States. The firm is led by co-founders Barış Özistek and Burak Balık, who, along with their team, emphasize sustainable development goals in their investment strategies. Boğaziçi Ventures supports its portfolio companies with not only financial backing but also strategic guidance to help them scale effectively.
Bold Capital Partners is a venture capital firm based in Santa Monica, California, with an additional office in Boston, Massachusetts. Founded in 2015 by Peter Diamandis, the firm focuses on investing in groundbreaking technologies and innovative companies that aim to solve humanity's biggest challenges. Their investment strategy targets sectors including advanced robotics, AI, healthcare, and sustainable technologies. Notable portfolio companies include Rugged Robotics, which provides automated construction solutions, and Mighty Buildings, which focuses on sustainable 3D printing for construction. Bold Capital Partners supports startups at various stages, from seed funding to growth stages, emphasizing disruptive potential and significant market impact. The team at Bold Capital Partners includes experienced professionals such as Managing Partner Teymour Boutros-Ghali, General Partner Emilio Diez Barroso, and Operating Partner Helen McBride, who bring a diverse range of expertise in investment and entrepreneurship. They leverage their extensive network and industry knowledge to provide strategic support to their portfolio companies. Bold Capital Partners is committed to uplifting humanity through strategic investments in technologies that democratize and transform major markets.
Boldstart Ventures, founded in 2010 and based in New York, is an early-stage venture capital firm that focuses on partnering with technical founders to reinvent the enterprise stack. The firm specializes in investing in pre-product and pre-company stages, helping founders build from the ground up by providing not just capital but also extensive operational support and access to a network of early adopters. Boldstart Ventures has a notable portfolio that includes companies like Snyk, Blockdaemon, Kustomer, BigID, and Superhuman. The firm is committed to working with founders who are intensely passionate about solving significant problems they have personally experienced. They invest in various sectors, primarily focusing on enterprise software, cybersecurity, data infrastructure, and AI-driven solutions. Led by experienced partners like Ed Sim, Boldstart Ventures is known for its hands-on approach, leveraging over a decade of experience in guiding startups from inception through to successful exits. Their investment strategy involves making initial investments typically between $500,000 and $5 million, with additional reserves for follow-on funding.
Bolt is a pre-seed venture capital firm that invests in startups operating at the intersection of the digital and physical worlds. Founded in 2012, Bolt focuses on companies leveraging innovative technologies and valuable data sets to reimagine products, systems, and experiences. The firm is known for leading the first round of financing in over 90% of its investments, which often include unique hardware and software combinations. Bolt's portfolio includes notable companies like Tonal, Desktop Metal, Pair Eyewear, and Tive. These companies span various sectors, showcasing Bolt’s commitment to supporting a diverse range of innovative startups. The firm operates from Boston, Massachusetts, and is led by experienced partners such as Axel Bichara, Greg McAdoo, Kate McAndrew, Matt Thoms, and Tyler Mincey, all of whom bring extensive backgrounds in venture capital and entrepreneurship. Bolt also engages with the startup community through initiatives like Women in Hardware, a community supporting women and non-binary individuals in hardware development, and Groundwork, a workshop series for direct-to-consumer (DTC) founders.
BOND Capital is a global technology investment firm that focuses on supporting visionary founders throughout their entire innovation and growth lifecycle. Established in 2019, BOND is a spinout of the Kleiner Perkins Digital Growth Fund and was founded by Mary Meeker, along with other key partners. The firm invests in high-growth internet companies, emphasizing long-term partnerships with entrepreneurs who are transforming their industries. Notable investments include prominent companies like Stripe, Canva, and Airbnb. BOND Capital aims to leverage its extensive network and expertise to provide strategic guidance and resources to its portfolio companies. Based in San Francisco, BOND operates with a global outlook, seeking opportunities in diverse markets to support groundbreaking technological advancements.
Bonfire Ventures is a venture capital firm based in Santa Monica, California, founded in 2017 by Mark Mullen and Jim Andelman. The firm specializes in seed-stage investments in B2B software companies, aiming to support founders with significant ambitions in the tech space. Bonfire Ventures' strategy involves making initial investments ranging from $1 million to $5 million, often leading the first institutional round for their portfolio companies. The firm has raised multiple funds, including a $168 million third seed fund and a $63 million second opportunity fund, totaling $231 million in 2022. Bonfire Ventures has built a strong portfolio of over 198 investments, including notable companies like TaxJar, The Trade Desk, and Boulevard. Bonfire Ventures is known for its deep commitment to its portfolio companies, providing not just capital but also strategic guidance and operational support to help startups scale successfully. The team includes experienced professionals like Brett Queener, Jennifer Richard, and Brian MacInnes, who bring a wealth of industry knowledge and expertise to their roles.
Bonsal Capital, established in 1999 and headquartered in Baltimore, MD, is a venture capital firm focusing on seed-stage investments. The firm is renowned for its commitment to supporting underrepresented founders and emerging venture managers, with 80% of its investments directed towards these groups. Their portfolio is heavily centered around education and workforce technology, reflecting their mission-driven approach to create both social and financial returns. Notable investments include companies like Allovue, KidzToPros, and EveryDay Labs. These investments highlight Bonsal Capital's emphasis on tech-enabled solutions that address significant problems in education and workforce development. The firm's strategy involves not only providing capital but also leveraging their extensive experience and networks to guide companies through their growth trajectories. The team is led by Frank Bonsal III, who brings extensive experience in both venture capital and education sectors. Bonsal Capital has made over 40 investments, with 14 notable exits, and they continue to be a pivotal player in supporting innovative solutions within their focus areas.
BonVenture is a Munich-based venture capital firm specializing in social impact investments. Founded in 2003, the firm focuses on supporting early-stage startups that aim to address social and environmental challenges. BonVenture's investment strategy is centered around social enterprises in the German-speaking region, emphasizing sectors such as renewable energy, health care, and environmental sustainability. Notable investments include Resourcify, a digital waste management and recycling platform; myo, a communication platform for caregivers; and ChargeX, which develops smart power strips for connecting multiple electric vehicles to a single charging station. Other significant investments include Wegatech Greenergy, a residential solar energy system project developer, and 42 Watt, a company specializing in energy efficiency and environmental consulting. BonVenture actively participates in various funding rounds, providing capital and strategic support to help social enterprises scale their impact. The firm has a track record of successful exits, including Emmy, an e-scooter sharing company, and Everskill, a digital training platform. With a commitment to fostering innovation and sustainability, BonVenture continues to support startups that align with its mission of creating positive social and environmental change. The firm leverages its extensive network and industry expertise to help portfolio companies achieve their growth and impact goals.
Boost VC, founded by Adam Draper and Brayton Williams in 2012, is a venture capital firm based in San Mateo, California, that focuses on early-stage investments in frontier technologies. With over $200 million in assets under management, Boost VC typically invests $500,000 in pre-seed startups, supporting over 300 companies. Their portfolio includes notable companies like Coinbase, Protocol Labs, and Snapcard, and spans deep tech sectors such as crypto, VR, AR, AI, space tech, robotics, and bio/health. Boost VC operates a rigorous accelerator program, providing startups with mentorship, resources, and networking opportunities. The three-month program offers intensive support from the Boost VC team and access to a wide network of industry experts and investors. The firm is known for its strong commitment to fostering innovation and diversity within the tech industry, actively supporting women and underrepresented founders. Adam Draper, a fourth-generation venture capitalist, and Brayton Williams, bring extensive experience and a vision for transformative technology startups. The team includes partners like Maddie Callander and Gus Domel, who offer diverse expertise from private aviation to brain health technology.
BootstrapLabs, established in 2008, is a leading venture capital firm based in San Francisco that focuses on investing in early-stage startups, particularly those leveraging Applied Artificial Intelligence (AI). The firm was one of the first to adopt an AI-first investment strategy in 2015. Since then, BootstrapLabs has been dedicated to backing visionary founders who tackle significant and valuable opportunities through AI across various sectors including Future of Work, Mobility, Health, Finance, Cybersecurity, Energy, and Climate. Their portfolio includes notable companies such as unitQ, GetAccept, and Hayden AI. BootstrapLabs prides itself on not only providing financial support but also offering strategic guidance by working closely with top AI talent and domain experts to ensure the growth and success of their portfolio companies. This approach has led to successful exits like AEye, Corpay One, and INDUS.AI. BootstrapLabs is known for making seed-stage investments, typically focusing on startups with the potential to create significant impact both financially and socially. The firm emphasizes that it is possible to achieve strong investment returns while also driving positive change for millions of people.
Borderless Capital is a pioneering venture capital firm focused on the Web3 and blockchain space, particularly leveraging the Algorand ecosystem. Founded in 2018 by Arul Murugan and David García, Borderless Capital operates primarily out of Miami, with a strong emphasis on fostering innovation within decentralized finance (DeFi) and decentralized infrastructure (DePIN) projects. The firm’s portfolio boasts investments in notable startups such as BlockDaemon, Six Clovers, and Osprey Funds. It also actively supports projects like Peaq, Cudos, and Livepeer, which are revolutionizing areas such as transaction infrastructure and decentralized live streaming. Borderless Capital targets investments globally but has a pronounced focus on the U.S. and Europe. Their investment strategy is geared towards early-stage companies building on Algorand and other blockchain technologies. They lead rounds and typically provide substantial follow-on funding, showcasing their commitment to long-term growth. With a robust team that includes industry veterans like Brian Prilick and Sean Carey, Borderless Capital combines extensive experience in digital entrepreneurship and blockchain technology. The team’s expertise spans investment banking, technological innovation, and market research, making them well-equipped to identify and nurture high-potential startups.
Boro Capital is a New York-based venture capital firm that focuses on investing in pre-seed and seed-stage startups across various tech sectors. Established in 2017, the firm targets industries like fintech, SaaS, AI, big data, proptech, and cleantech, among others. Boro Capital’s investment approach centers on identifying early-stage tech companies with the potential to scale rapidly. They leverage a network of strategic partnerships with leading investor groups and accelerators, which helps them source high-potential, pre-vetted startups, streamlining their investment process. The firm typically invests in a company’s first round of institutional funding, cutting checks in the pre-seed and seed stages. With a focus on tech-enabled solutions, Boro Capital has built a diverse portfolio, with over 30 investments in areas like financial software, logistics, and biotechnology. Notable investments include companies like DetraPel, Michroma, and Hailify. Boro Capital’s strategy emphasizes early-stage innovation, aiming to support entrepreneurs through the challenging early phases of scaling their companies. The firm’s portfolio reflects a broad industry focus, from AI and machine learning to climate tech and consumer products. Their approach is designed to capitalize on fast-evolving technologies, making them a key player in helping startups navigate the complex journey from ideation to growth.
Bossanova Investimentos, often referred to as Bossanova Invest, is a prominent venture capital firm based in Brazil, specializing in pre-seed stage investments. Founded in 2011 by Pierre Schurmann and later joined by João Kepler, Bossanova has established itself as the most active micro-VC in Latin America. The firm focuses on B2B and B2B2C technology companies that are innovative, digital, and scalable. Bossanova has invested in over 1,200 startups across more than 1,000 companies, making it a significant player in the early-stage investment scene. Their portfolio includes notable exits such as Glovo, Upsie, and Shift. They employ a rigorous selection process and offer extensive support to their portfolio companies to ensure rapid growth and success. The firm's investment strategy revolves around startups that are over 1.5 years old, have found a problem-solution fit, and are already operational and generating revenue. They avoid investments in sectors that exclusively target government, e-commerce, games, or hardware that competes with existing portfolio companies. Bossanova's network includes over 10,000 co-investors, founders, and partner companies, providing a robust ecosystem for startups to thrive. They also offer educational resources through platforms like Clubb.vc, which provides courses and materials on investment, innovation, and business development. In addition to traditional equity investments, Bossanova has introduced an innovative investment model via Cédula de Crédito Bancário (CCB), which allows investors to gain exposure to the startup ecosystem with capital protection and fixed returns. This approach aims to democratize access to venture capital investments, making it accessible to a broader range of investors.
Boston Seed Capital is a venture capital firm founded in 2011 by Nicole Stata, Peter Blacklow, and David Balter. The firm is based in Boston, Massachusetts, and primarily focuses on early-stage investments in technology-driven industries. Their investment sectors include SaaS, cybersecurity, e-commerce, big data, AI, machine learning, digital media, and marketplaces. Notable investments by Boston Seed Capital include DraftKings, Flywire, and Perch, showcasing their success in backing high-potential startups (Boston Seed). They are particularly interested in companies that innovate in consumer digital, sports, marketplaces, AI, data, and security. Geographically, Boston Seed Capital concentrates on companies based in Boston and the surrounding areas, leveraging the region's rich entrepreneurial ecosystem (Boston Seed). Their strategy involves not just providing financial capital but also offering significant operational support and leveraging their extensive network to help startups scale effectively. The firm's leadership includes Nicole Stata, a seasoned entrepreneur and investor with a notable track record, including founding Deploy Solutions and serving as an advisor and board member for various companies. For startups seeking investment, Boston Seed Capital values innovative ideas and strong entrepreneurial teams. They are committed to building successful businesses that improve life, work, and play through technology.
Bow Capital, established in 2016 and based in Menlo Park, California, is a venture capital firm that leverages its strong connection with the University of California system to access a rich ecosystem of academic and research resources. This partnership provides them with broad access to the UC's 2.6 million faculty, staff, students, and alumni, as well as numerous research centers and medical facilities. Bow Capital invests primarily in early-stage startups, focusing on sectors such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, big data, and enterprise software. Their portfolio includes notable companies like Ambi Robotics, Heartex, and Linus Biotechnology. The firm aims to bridge the gap between academia and industry, helping to commercialize innovative technologies and scientific discoveries. The investment strategy at Bow Capital includes participating in pre-seed, seed, and Series A funding rounds. They emphasize not only financial support but also strategic guidance and operational expertise, leveraging their network of Silicon Valley founders and industry leaders to help startups grow and succeed. Notable exits for Bow Capital include companies like RealtyShares, Rimeto, and Skylight, reflecting their ability to identify and nurture high-potential startups to successful outcomes.
Bowery Capital is a venture capital firm based in New York City, specializing in early-stage investments in B2B software startups. Founded by Michael Brown in 2013, Bowery Capital focuses on seed stage investments, particularly in SaaS and marketplace business models. Their investment strategy emphasizes hands-on support, aiming to help startups achieve product-market fit and scalable sales operations early on. Notable investments in Bowery Capital’s portfolio include companies like Wizeline, VNDLY, and Codecademy, demonstrating their expertise in backing transformative tech ventures. Their approach is highly selective, investing in only a few deals each year but providing intensive support through their Acceleration Team. This team aids startups in various areas, such as sales, marketing, and business development, ensuring that founders have the resources and guidance necessary to succeed. Bowery Capital is known for leading investment rounds and taking active roles in the growth of their portfolio companies. Their support extends beyond financial investment, with a dedicated advisory network known as the Revenue Council, which connects startups with industry experts for continuous mentorship and strategic advice.
BoxGroup is a prominent early-stage venture capital firm based in New York City, established in 2009 by David Tisch and Adam Rothenberg. The firm focuses on investing in pre-seed to Series A rounds, targeting sectors such as consumer technology, enterprise software, fintech, healthcare, life sciences, and marketplaces. BoxGroup has built a robust portfolio with notable investments in companies like Plaid, Airtable, Ro, Ramp, Warby Parker, and Harry’s. They are known for their early-stage support and have made over 600 investments, actively backing innovative startups with the potential to disrupt and define new market categories. BoxGroup typically invests between $50,000 to $250,000 per deal, emphasizing conviction in the founding teams they support. Their approach is geography-agnostic, although they have a strong presence in key tech hubs such as New York, Silicon Valley, and Los Angeles. The firm has also seen several successful exits, including high-profile IPOs and acquisitions. They aim to be one of the earliest and most supportive investors, providing strategic guidance and leveraging their extensive network to help startups grow and succeed.
BoxOne Ventures, established in 2018 and based in Montreal, Canada, is a venture capital firm that focuses on early-stage investments across diverse and impactful sectors. The firm invests in companies with strong technology platforms in areas such as biotechnology, computational biology, AI and data analytics, digital health, fintech, and food technology. BoxOne Ventures has built a robust portfolio featuring notable investments like Juvena Therapeutics, which raised $41M to advance therapeutic solutions. Other significant investments include companies like dfuse, a blockchain development platform, and Odd Burger, a plant-based fast food chain. The firm’s strategy includes backing talented entrepreneurs and innovative technologies that aim to make a positive difference globally. The team at BoxOne Ventures comprises experienced founders and investors who are deeply involved in the development and support of their portfolio companies. This hands-on approach helps startups navigate the challenges of scaling and achieving market success.
New Science Ventures (NSV), founded in 2004, is a venture capital firm that focuses on investments in life sciences and information technology. With offices in New York and London, NSV aims to leverage breakthrough science to create significant value. The firm has a diverse portfolio, investing in companies that utilize fundamental, science-based innovations to address large unmet needs. NSV's notable investments include Ventyx Biosciences, which raised $114 million to advance its pipeline of immunology programs, and Paragraf, a company that mass-produces graphene electronics. Other significant portfolio companies are Phase Four, which develops next-generation electric propulsion solutions for satellites, and NorthSea Therapeutics, which focuses on novel treatments for liver-related diseases. The firm typically invests in early to mid-stage companies and supports them through crucial value inflection points to help them scale. Their investment strategy is grounded in strong intellectual property protection and a long-term view.
Bragiel Brothers is an early-stage venture capital firm founded in 2016 by brothers Paul and Dan Bragiel, based in San Francisco. The fund primarily invests in pre-seed, seed, and Series A rounds, focusing on high-growth industries such as SaaS, fintech, AI, machine learning, and developer tools. Known for its global outlook, the firm has invested in over 60 companies across various regions and industries. Some notable portfolio companies include unitQ, Token Transit, Inspectify, and Memfault. These investments highlight Bragiel Brothers' commitment to backing innovative startups that tackle critical challenges in sectors like big data, IoT, and software development. What sets Bragiel Brothers apart is their hands-on approach, often providing mentorship and strategic guidance to founders alongside capital. This involvement has led to successful exits, including companies like Punchh and Replay, and has positioned Bragiel Brothers as a key player in nurturing early-stage innovation. The firm's leadership, led by Paul and Dan Bragiel, brings extensive entrepreneurial experience, having advised or invested in top-tier companies like Uber, Niantic (of Pokémon Go fame), and Unity. With this deep network and focus on transformative technology, Bragiel Brothers continues to be a valuable partner for early-stage startups looking to scale globally.
Brand Foundry Ventures is a venture capital firm based in New York, focusing on early-stage investments in consumer brands. Established in 2014 by Andrew Mitchell, the firm has built a portfolio that includes notable companies like Allbirds, Eden Health, and The Wing. The firm typically leads Series Seed and Series A financing rounds, investing in a wide range of industries such as food and beverage, health care, and consumer technology. Recent investments include Lucky F*ck, Ledgebrook, and Local Infusion. Brand Foundry Ventures prides itself on its hands-on approach, supporting startups with strategic guidance and leveraging its extensive network to help founders scale their businesses. The firm has made over 120 investments and has had 37 successful exits, showcasing its ability to identify and nurture high-potential startups.
Bread and Butter Ventures, based in Minneapolis, Minnesota, is an early-stage venture capital firm that invests globally while leveraging the region's strong corporate connections and industry expertise. Founded in 2017, the firm focuses on several key sectors including health tech, food tech, and enterprise SaaS. Their portfolio includes notable investments such as Ducky, an automation and workflow software company; Chiyo, which focuses on food and agriculture technology; SocialCrowd, a platform for enterprise applications; and Nest Collaborative, a health tech company providing virtual lactation support. They have made a total of 87 investments, emphasizing their active involvement in the startup ecosystem. Bread and Butter Ventures has also seen successful exits, including Upsie, a technology company that was acquired, and Spoonshot, which was also successfully exited. The firm is led by Managing Partners Brett Brohl and Mary Grove, who bring extensive experience in technology and early-stage investing.
Breakout Ventures is a San Francisco-based venture capital firm founded in 2016, focused on early-stage investments in creative bioscience companies. The firm is dedicated to supporting startups that leverage the convergence of biology, chemistry, and technology to develop bio-based solutions aimed at improving human health and sustainability. Breakout Ventures has raised significant capital, including a $112.5 million Fund II, to back innovative companies at the intersection of technology and biology. Their investment portfolio includes companies like Immusoft, which is working on genetically modifying B cells for sustained therapeutics, and Checkerspot, which uses synthetic biology to produce bio-derived oils. The firm's investment strategy targets areas such as synthetic biology, cell and gene therapy, biomanufacturing, and carbon transformation, supporting companies from seed to scale. Notable portfolio companies include Cytovale, which focuses on diagnosing immune-mediated diseases, and Ecovative Design, which uses mycelium technology for sustainable materials. The Breakout Ventures team, led by managing partners Lindy Fishburne and Julia Moore, brings extensive experience in supporting science-driven companies. The firm originated from Breakout Labs at the Thiel Foundation, which has a strong history of advancing early-stage deep science startups.
Breakthrough Energy Ventures, part of the Breakthrough Energy network founded by Bill Gates, focuses on financing and scaling companies that aim to eliminate greenhouse gas emissions globally. With over $3.5 billion in committed capital, BEV invests in more than 110 cutting-edge companies across various stages, from seed to growth. The firm targets technologies capable of significantly reducing greenhouse gases, aiming for at least half a gigaton reduction annually. Key areas of investment include clean hydrogen, long-duration energy storage, sustainable aviation fuel, direct air capture, and green manufacturing. BEV supports companies like H2Pro, which innovates in green hydrogen production, and Heirloom, focused on cost-effective carbon removal. BEV’s strategy involves more than just funding; it provides comprehensive support, including technical, operational, market, and policy expertise to help companies overcome scaling challenges. This holistic approach ensures that new climate technologies can transition from development to widespread commercial adoption. The team at BEV includes experts like Eric Toone, Technical Lead of the Investment Committee, and Megan Wenrich, Vice President of Development. These professionals bring a wealth of knowledge and experience to guide the firm’s investments and initiatives.
Breega, founded in 2015 and based in Paris, is a dynamic venture capital firm built by founders for founders. They focus on early-stage investments, with a mission to bridge the equity and experience gap in the VC industry. Breega's notable investments include quantum tech startup Alice&Bob, regtech firm Didomi, and French unicorn Exotec. Breega’s industry focus spans various tech sectors, including fintech, quantum technology, regtech, green mobility, and cybersecurity. They have recently launched a €150M Europe Seed III fund to support early-stage tech startups and a $75M Africa Seed I fund to invest in promising African startups. Geographically, Breega is expanding its reach with a strong presence in Europe, particularly France, Spain, and the UK, and is now targeting markets in Africa with new offices in Nigeria and Cape Town. Their investment strategy is hands-on, providing startups with comprehensive support through their "Scaling Squad," a team of experts that assist with operational guidance, talent acquisition, and scaling strategies. Breega aims to invest in companies with the potential for significant social impact alongside commercial success. The team includes key members like Co-founder and COO Maximilien Bacot, and they are known for their collaborative approach and commitment to supporting founders throughout their entrepreneurial journey.
Brewer Lane Ventures is an early-stage venture capital firm based in Boston, Massachusetts, founded in 2019 by John Kim. The firm focuses on investing in fintech and insurtech startups, aiming to transform the financial services and insurance industries. Brewer Lane leverages its deep industry expertise and extensive network to provide strategic guidance and support to its portfolio companies, helping them scale and achieve market leadership. The firm's investment strategy includes backing founders who are reimagining financial services, with a typical investment range of $1 million to $10 million. Brewer Lane Ventures has raised substantial capital for its funds, with its first fund securing around $120 million and its second fund closing at $203 million. Brewer Lane Ventures' notable investments include companies like Empathy, January, and Codoxo, which focus on various aspects of application software, financial software, and healthcare enterprise systems. The firm is known for its hands-on approach, providing both financial support and strategic advice to help its portfolio companies navigate their growth trajectories successfully.
Breyer Capital is a premier venture capital firm founded by Jim Breyer in 2006. The firm focuses on catalyzing high-impact entrepreneurs across various sectors, including artificial intelligence, digital health, and fintech. Notable investments from Breyer Capital include Facebook, Spotify, 23andMe, and Zoox, with Zoox being acquired by Amazon. Breyer Capital invests in early-stage startups, particularly those in the AI, healthcare, and consumer tech industries. The firm's approach is founder-centric, emphasizing long-term partnerships and hands-on engagement. They typically participate in pre-seed, seed, and Series A funding rounds. Geographically, Breyer Capital has a broad focus, investing in companies across the United States, Europe, and beyond. The firm is headquartered in Menlo Park, California, but also has a significant presence in Austin, Texas. Key figures at Breyer Capital include founder Jim Breyer and partner Daniel Breyer. The team is known for its deep industry connections and strategic guidance, supporting portfolio companies with both capital and mentorship. Breyer Capital's recent investments include Atropos Health, Nimble Robotics, and Elemental Cognition, highlighting their commitment to innovative solutions in AI and healthcare. The firm's long-term vision and robust support structure make it a vital player in the venture capital landscape.
Brick & Mortar Ventures, established in 2015 and based in San Francisco, focuses on investing in innovative solutions within the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) and facilities management sectors. The firm targets both software and hardware solutions aimed at transforming the construction industry by improving efficiency, productivity, and safety. Their notable investments include companies like PlanGrid, Fieldwire, BuildingConnected, and Levelset. These companies have pioneered various advancements, such as digital blueprints, construction management software, and lien waiver management tools. Brick & Mortar Ventures has also supported startups like SafeAI, which develops autonomous equipment, and Curbio, which specializes in pre-sale home renovations. The firm is led by Darren Bechtel, who brings extensive experience and industry connections to support portfolio companies. The team also includes Curtis Rodgers, Kaustubh Pandya, and Guillaume Bazouin, who provide expertise in industrial technology, strategy, and European market investments, respectively. Brick & Mortar Ventures takes a hands-on approach, working closely with startups to leverage their deep industry knowledge and network to foster growth and innovation. They aim to disrupt traditional construction practices and drive the adoption of new technologies across the AEC sector.
Bridge Investments, based in Chicago, is a private equity firm that focuses on lower middle-market companies across various sectors. The firm invests in diverse industries including technology, healthcare, and consumer products. Some of their notable investments include companies like In Good Taste, which enhances the wine tasting experience, and LegalMation, an AI-powered platform transforming litigation. Bridge Investments emphasizes partnering with dynamic founders and building collaborative relationships to foster sustainable growth. They take a hands-on approach, often involving their experienced team members in strategic guidance and operational support. The team includes co-founders Daniel Goldberg and Robert Goldberg, who bring decades of expertise in law and investment, along with Jason Thomas and Tim Schlidt, who contribute deep insights in venture capital and healthcare investments. Their portfolio showcases a wide range of successful investments, such as Classkick, an educational technology platform, and ConverseNow, a voice AI platform for quick-service restaurants. Bridge Investments is committed to creating value and supporting the growth of their portfolio companies through a collaborative and resourceful investment approach.
BrightEdge Fund is the philanthropic impact investment arm of the American Cancer Society (ACS), established in 2019. Headquartered in Kennesaw, Georgia, BrightEdge focuses on accelerating the commercialization of innovations in cancer care. The fund aims to reduce cancer mortality, alleviate pain and suffering, and advance health equity by investing in for-profit, early-stage companies developing cancer-focused therapeutics, diagnostics, and technologies. Notable investments in BrightEdge’s portfolio include Checkmate Pharmaceuticals, an immunotherapy drug developer; Freenome, a biotech company specializing in early cancer detection through liquid biopsy; and TailorMed, which provides patient financial navigation software. The fund has also invested in Catena Biosciences and Clasp Therapeutics. BrightEdge has a strong track record of exits, with companies like Castle Biosciences going public and Tmunity being acquired. The fund leverages the ACS’s extensive research and expertise to mitigate risks associated with health science investments. This affiliation allows BrightEdge to provide valuable insights into the competitive landscape and regulatory environment, enhancing the potential for successful commercialization of its portfolio companies. Managed by a team of experienced professionals, including Managing Director Alice Pomponio, BrightEdge also serves as a follow-on investor and board observer, working alongside prominent venture capital firms to support its mission. The fund’s current fundraising target is $100 million, aiming to sustain ACS’s life-saving programs and further its impact.