Sector
Gaming VC Funds
Venture capital funds investing in video games, gaming platforms, esports, and interactive entertainment startups.
Dragonfly Capital, founded in 2018, is a global venture capital firm with a strong focus on cryptocurrency and blockchain technology. With headquarters in San Francisco, Dragonfly has rapidly become a key player in the crypto space, supporting startups and projects that push the boundaries of decentralized finance (DeFi), blockchain infrastructure, and emerging consumer crypto products like NFTs and decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs). The firm recently closed its third venture fund at $650 million, surpassing its initial target of $500 million. This new fund enables Dragonfly to invest across all stages of development, from seed funding to later-stage growth, helping build "generational companies" in crypto. Notable portfolio investments include projects like Aptos, Bybit, and Celo, which span sectors from layer-one blockchain protocols to NFT platforms. Led by managing partner Haseeb Qureshi, Dragonfly works closely with founders across the globe, combining deep technical expertise and market knowledge to help teams scale. Their global reach and focus on collaboration with the best crypto-native founders have positioned them as a leading venture fund in the rapidly evolving blockchain ecosystem.
Draper Associates, founded in 1985 by Tim Draper, is a renowned early-stage venture capital firm based in Silicon Valley. The firm has made significant investments in transformative companies across various sectors, including technology, consumer services, and financial services. Draper Associates is known for its notable investments in companies like Hotmail, Skype, Tesla, SpaceX, Twitch, Robinhood, Coinbase, and Baidu. The firm focuses on backing innovative startups with the potential for extraordinary outcomes, often investing at the seed stage and supporting companies through their growth journeys. Draper Associates prides itself on being entrepreneur-friendly, providing extensive support and resources to help founders succeed. Draper Associates is part of the larger Draper Ecosystem, which includes Draper University, Draper Venture Network, and Draper Startup House, among other initiatives aimed at fostering entrepreneurial growth and innovation globally. The firm's investment philosophy emphasizes a global perspective, investing in industry-transforming companies across the world while maintaining a strong presence in Silicon Valley. Draper Associates continues to innovate and drive significant impact in the venture capital landscape by backing visionary entrepreneurs and leveraging its extensive network and resources.
Draper B1, founded in 2010 and headquartered in Valencia, Spain, is a venture capital firm focusing on seed and early-stage investments. They emphasize supporting ambitious founders aiming to create impactful businesses. Draper B1 has a diverse portfolio spanning B2B, B2C, software, marketplaces, artificial intelligence, blockchain, and mobile applications. Notable investments include companies like Signaturit, Streamloots, and Erudit AI. They have supported over 150 companies, providing more than just capital. Draper B1 prides itself on hands-on investment and active portfolio management, leveraging a global network to help startups scale internationally. They have had multiple successful exits, including companies such as Jeff and Civitfun. Their team, led by Managing Partners like Luz Adell and Enrique Penichet Garcia, focuses on local sourcing for global scaling, helping startups navigate both local and international markets effectively. Draper B1 is part of the Draper Venture Network, enhancing their ability to support their portfolio companies with a broad range of resources and connections.
Dream Machine is a San Francisco-based venture capital firm founded by Alexia Bonatsos, the former co-editor-in-chief of TechCrunch. Established with the goal of turning "science fiction into non-fiction," Dream Machine focuses on early-stage investments, particularly in consumer and frontier technologies. The firm is known for its opportunistic approach, investing in sectors such as AI, voice, AR, VR, IoT, and blockchain. Dream Machine primarily invests at the seed stage, with an average investment size of around $2 million. The firm has built a portfolio of innovative startups that are pushing the boundaries of technology and media. Notable companies in their portfolio include Berbix, an identity management platform, Lobus, a fintech and enterprise software company, and Haus, a modern spirits brand disrupting the wine and spirits industry. Other investments like NEWNESS focus on beauty streaming, while Powder targets the gaming and entertainment space. The firm's investment strategy is rooted in identifying and supporting exceptional founders who are at the forefront of creating transformative technologies. Dream Machine’s geographic focus is primarily in the United States, with a few investments in international markets like France. Despite its relatively small team, Dream Machine has made significant strides in the venture capital landscape, co-investing with other prominent VCs such as General Catalyst, Sequoia Capital, and Slow Ventures. With a clear vision and a robust portfolio, Dream Machine continues to play a pivotal role in helping startups that aim to redefine the future.
Dreamcraft Ventures, founded in 2019 and based in Copenhagen, Denmark, is an early-stage venture capital firm focused on investing in tech-driven startups across the Nordics and Europe. With a strong emphasis on industries like gaming, esports, B2B SaaS, digital entertainment, and fintech, Dreamcraft has developed a hands-on approach to supporting founders from seed to Series A. The firm refers to itself as "venture engineers," offering operational support and strategic guidance to help companies scale. Dreamcraft has a strong generalist investment strategy, reflected in its diverse portfolio that includes companies like Hiber, a social entertainment platform, and GRID, which leverages esports data assets. The firm raised €66 million for its second fund, Dreamcraft Fund II, and continues to actively invest in early-stage companies with a focus on helping them grow into category leaders. Founded by Jesper Søgaard and Christian Kirk Rasmussen, who built Better Collective into a billion-dollar company, Dreamcraft brings founder experience to the table, focusing on high-quality teams and long-term partnerships.
Dreamers VC, founded by Will Smith and Keisuke Honda, is a venture capital firm based in Los Angeles, focusing on early-stage investments across various sectors including health biotech, finance tech, consumer products, and entertainment. Since its inception, Dreamers VC has built a diverse portfolio of innovative companies. Their notable investments include Beam Therapeutics, which is pioneering precision genetic medicines; Nurx, providing personalized healthcare solutions delivered directly to consumers; and Sandbox VR, offering immersive group virtual reality experiences. Other significant investments include HomeCourt, a basketball training app, and Public, a platform for investing in crypto assets. Dreamers VC emphasizes community and leveraging their global network to connect founders with valuable resources. Their approach combines financial support with strategic guidance, ensuring startups have the tools they need to grow and succeed in competitive markets.
Drive by DraftKings is a multi-stage venture capital firm that focuses on the intersection of sports, gaming, media, and human performance. Launched in 2019, the fund was founded by DraftKings in partnership with notable firms like General Catalyst, Accomplice, and Boston Seed Capital. Under the leadership of CEO Meredith McPherron, the firm has quickly become a leader in SportsTech and entertainment investments. Drive by DraftKings backs companies that push the frontier of fan engagement, human performance, and data-driven insights. They’ve invested in cutting-edge startups such as Whoop, FanPower, and Toya, positioning themselves at the core of technological transformation in the sports industry. With access to elite athletes, industry leaders, and sports organizations, they offer unique resources to their portfolio companies. The firm's investment strategy revolves around early to growth-stage companies, focusing on opportunities in esports, mobile sports betting, and AI-driven sports tech. With over $20 billion invested in their core sectors, Drive by DraftKings sees significant growth potential in the ongoing evolution of sports and media. The team includes influential figures like Kiki Mills Johnston (Partner) and advisors such as MLB executive Theo Epstein and NFL legend Larry Fitzgerald. Startups looking to partner with Drive by DraftKings benefit not only from capital but also deep industry connections and strategic insights.
Drive Capital is a prominent venture capital firm based in Columbus, Ohio, founded in 2013 by Mark Kvamme and Chris Olsen, both of whom previously worked at Sequoia Capital. The firm focuses on investing in technology startups outside of Silicon Valley, with a particular emphasis on the Midwest, aiming to prove that world-class technology companies can emerge from any region in the United States. Drive Capital has raised over $2 billion to invest in startups solving significant problems in large markets. They have backed more than 80 companies, including notable investments like Duolingo, Root Insurance, Olive, Greenlight, and ApplyBoard. The firm is stage-agnostic, investing in seed, early-stage, and later-stage companies across various sectors such as healthcare, consumer services, information technology, and life sciences. The firm operates with a strong conviction in the potential of entrepreneurs from non-traditional tech hubs and emphasizes long-term partnerships. They seek out market-defining companies and prefer to journey with their portfolio companies from inception to IPO. Drive Capital's strategy is deeply rooted in leveraging local talent and resources, ensuring startups have the best advantages by building where they are strongest. Drive Capital's team includes a diverse group of investors committed to supporting founders with honesty and strategic guidance. They maintain a robust network and offer substantial resources to help startups navigate their growth trajectories. For entrepreneurs looking to engage with Drive Capital, the firm values bold, innovative ideas that address large market opportunities and demonstrate potential for significant impact.
Dundee Venture Capital, founded in 2010 and based in Omaha, Nebraska, focuses on early-stage investments in high-growth technology companies. The firm is known for its hands-on approach and leadership in seed rounds, frequently leading 90% of their investments. Dundee VC invests predominantly in e-commerce, fintech, and SaaS, with notable portfolio companies including Summersalt, a direct-to-consumer lifestyle brand, and Omnia Fishing, an e-commerce platform for anglers. Their recent investments include Nyla, a no-code platform for e-commerce, and Pear Commerce, which aids grocery retailers with digital marketing. Dundee Venture Capital’s strategy emphasizes funding transformative startups located outside traditional coastal hubs. They seek companies with a strong vision, early traction, and a unique edge. With a commitment to seed-stage investing, Dundee is particularly interested in businesses that have potential for significant impact and rapid growth. The firm prefers to engage with founders who have a clear and compelling vision and are tackling urgent and valuable problems. The team, led by founder Mark Hasebroock, brings deep entrepreneurial experience and a track record of success, including the sale of Hayneedle to Walmart. Startups should approach Dundee with a robust business plan that demonstrates significant potential and a differentiated market approach.
Dune Ventures is a venture capital firm that was founded in 2020 and is based in New York. The firm focuses on investing in the media, gaming, and entertainment software sectors, with a strong emphasis on supporting early-stage companies that are building the next generation of digital entertainment platforms. Unlike traditional venture funds, Dune Ventures operates as a permanent capital vehicle, enabling long-term partnerships with founders and consistent access to capital, which allows them to back founders throughout multiple stages of growth. Dune Ventures is stage-agnostic, meaning they invest across different stages, from Seed to Series A and beyond, depending on the opportunity. The firm prioritizes working closely with a small number of exceptional founders, providing them with focused attention and resources. Their portfolio includes a variety of companies in the gaming and entertainment industries, such as Convai, Cartridge, and Lightforge Games. The firm’s approach is rooted in concentration and conviction, investing in a limited number of startups where they can take meaningful stakes and provide significant strategic value. This model reflects their belief in the power of long-term partnerships and their commitment to helping founders build enduring companies that can stand the test of time.
DWF Labs, founded in 2022 and headquartered in Singapore, is a leading player in the Web3 space, specializing in venture capital, market making, and OTC trading. The firm has quickly established itself as a dominant force in the digital asset ecosystem, with over 165 investments in various blockchain, DeFi, and gaming projects. Notable investments include companies like Synthetix and Orbs Network, reflecting its focus on decentralized finance (DeFi) and infrastructure projects. DWF Labs provides liquidity solutions for over 25% of the top 100 cryptocurrencies by market capitalization and is active on more than 60 centralized and decentralized exchanges. Their mission goes beyond financial backing, as they also assist startups with market-making services, validator node operations, and hackathons to accelerate project growth. Led by Managing Partner Andrei Grachev, DWF Labs has rapidly expanded its portfolio and ecosystem partnerships, contributing significantly to the development of Web3 infrastructure and mainstream crypto adoption. Their holistic approach to supporting bold entrepreneurs includes ecosystem funds, grants, and deep involvement in DeFi protocols. For companies seeking strategic capital in the crypto space, DWF Labs offers a combination of market expertise and hands-on support to foster long-term success.
Earl Grey Capital is an early-stage venture fund co-founded by Amit Vasudev, Matt Sornson, and Alex MacCaw, the team behind the successful startup Clearbit. The fund primarily focuses on investing in companies that are building foundational internet infrastructure, such as APIs, protocols, and developer tools. Earl Grey Capital is particularly interested in startups that simplify and enhance the process of building things on the internet, targeting both Web2 and Web3 spaces. The fund has invested in over 100 companies, including notable names like NexHealth, Truework, and Union54. Earl Grey Capital operates with a unique "founders backing founders" philosophy, leveraging the team's extensive experience as successful entrepreneurs to support the next generation of innovators. Their approach is to actively engage with their portfolio companies, providing not just capital but also deep operational and strategic support. Earl Grey Capital raised $20 million for its second fund, continuing to attract significant interest from prominent investors in the tech and startup communities. The firm's emphasis on technical expertise, founder empathy, and a contrarian investment approach positions it as a distinctive player in the venture capital landscape.
Earlybird Venture Capital, founded in 1997, is a leading European venture capital firm with a strong focus on technology innovators. They manage around €2 billion in assets and have invested in over 220 companies across various sectors including digital technologies, healthcare, and deep tech. Earlybird operates four specialized funds: Digital West, Digital East, Health, and Earlybird-X, each targeting different geographies and technological areas. Notable investments include UiPath, a global leader in robotic process automation, and N26, a mobile banking platform. Earlybird has achieved significant exits through IPOs and trade sales, contributing to its reputation as one of Europe’s most experienced venture investors. Earlybird's strategy involves not only providing financial resources but also strategic support and access to an international network, aiding portfolio companies in scaling and succeeding in global markets. The firm is committed to sustainable practices and expects the same from its portfolio companies. For startups looking to engage with Earlybird, demonstrating innovative technology and scalability, particularly within Europe, can increase the likelihood of securing investment. The firm’s hands-on approach and extensive network provide substantial support to their portfolio companies, fostering growth and market success.
East Ventures is one of Southeast Asia's most active venture capital firms, known for backing some of the region's most successful startups. With investments in Tokopedia, Traveloka, Xendit, and Carro, it has a strong track record of nurturing unicorns. The firm primarily focuses on sectors like fintech, healthcare, SaaS, and logistics, with an emphasis on Indonesia, where it helps drive digital and economic growth. Recent investments include AWST (Web3), McEasy (telematics), and Rekosistem (waste management), reflecting its broad sectoral interest. East Ventures typically invests at the seed stage but also participates in growth rounds through its EV Growth Fund. It operates across multiple locations, including Jakarta, Singapore, and Japan, and is deeply committed to sustainability, with goals like achieving net-zero emissions by 2050. The firm supports ESG initiatives across its portfolio and actively engages in environmental projects such as mangrove reforestation. Co-founded by Willson Cuaca, Roderick Purwana, and Melisa Irene, East Ventures is recognized globally, having been ranked among the most active VCs by Pitchbook and CB Insights. The firm maintains a founder-centric philosophy, investing in people and markets over products, which has been key to its long-term success.
Educapital is a leading European venture capital firm founded in 2017, dedicated to investing in the Edtech and Future of Work sectors. Based in Paris, France, Educapital focuses on supporting innovative companies that aim to transform education and the workplace through technology. The firm was co-founded by Marie-Christine Levet and Litzie Maarek, marking it as the first independent VC firm in Europe founded by women. With $200 million in assets under management, Educapital is the largest European fund in its niche, investing in startups from late seed to Series B stages with check sizes ranging from €3 million to €10 million. Their portfolio includes over 30 companies that are making significant impacts in education and the future of work, such as an online school for entrepreneurship, a collaborative learning management system, and platforms for immersive science learning and career guidance. Educapital’s investment thesis revolves around backing mission-driven entrepreneurs with strong leadership, focusing on companies that have the potential to become global leaders and contribute to building a sustainable society. The firm’s impact-driven approach ensures that their investments not only generate financial returns but also drive significant positive changes in the educational landscape.
El Cap Holdings, founded in 2019, is a venture capital firm based in Salt Lake City, Utah, with a focus on early-stage investments. The firm primarily invests in areas where technology intersects with significant shifts in consumer behavior, particularly in sectors like B2B software, cloud infrastructure, AI, and Web3. El Cap's unique approach is rooted in its founding partners’ diverse backgrounds: Kunal Tandon, with experience at Collaborative Fund and family business operations, and Stewart Bradley, a former NFL player turned tech investor with a background in investment banking at Goldman Sachs. El Cap aims to be highly engaged with the startups it invests in, emphasizing collaboration and support beyond capital. The firm has built a reputation for backing deeply technical founders and providing hands-on guidance. Notable investments include companies like Verb and Backdrop, demonstrating El Cap’s commitment to supporting innovation in technology and productivity software sectors. El Cap is known for working closely with founders, helping them grow their businesses through its vast network and industry expertise. Their approach combines a deep understanding of market dynamics with a passion for technology’s potential to create transformative change.
Elaia Partners is a leading European venture capital firm focused on investing in digital and deep tech startups from early-stage to growth development. Founded in 2002 and headquartered in Paris, Elaia manages over €700 million in assets. The firm has built a strong reputation for backing ambitious tech entrepreneurs, with notable investments in companies like Mirakl, Shift Technology, Ornikar, and iBanFirst. Elaia's investment strategy emphasizes supporting disruptive technologies and innovative business models across various sectors, including SaaS, AI, fintech, and health tech. They typically invest in early-stage companies with high growth potential, providing both capital and strategic guidance to help these startups scale globally. Their portfolio includes over 100 investments and 80 successful exits, showcasing their ability to identify and nurture high-potential startups. The firm is known for its close relationships with deep tech academia and its commitment to ESG principles. Elaia's team consists of experienced investors and entrepreneurs who work closely with portfolio companies to drive growth and achieve long-term success. The firm's recent launch of the Elaia Delta Fund, which secured €115 million in its initial closing, underscores their ongoing commitment to supporting tech disruptors.
Elefund, founded in 2015 and based in Mountain View, California, is a venture capital firm that focuses on investing in early-stage technology companies. The firm primarily targets investments in sectors such as fintech, consumer apps, enterprise solutions, and AI, supporting companies from seed through to growth stages. Elefund has a robust portfolio, including notable investments in companies like Robinhood, Carta, Calm, Groq, and Hotel Engine. Their approach is deeply founder-first, emphasizing partnerships with visionary entrepreneurs who aim to create significant impact and elevate the future through their innovative solutions. The team at Elefund is comprised of experienced professionals, including founder and managing partner Serik Kaldykulov, general partners Nathan Rodland and Ross Glasser, and CFO Ha Nguyen. They bring extensive expertise in building and scaling successful companies, offering both financial support and strategic guidance. Elefund is committed to investing in companies that solve pressing global issues, leveraging their understanding of consumer behavior and market dynamics to help startups achieve product-market fit and sustainable growth. Their investments span various industries, unified by a mission to drive excellence and impactful change.
Elysian Park Ventures is the private investment arm of the Los Angeles Dodgers ownership group, founded in 2014. The firm focuses on investing at the intersection of sports, technology, culture, and health, backing innovative companies that leverage sports to shape broader industries. Their investment philosophy revolves around what they call "Sports+", which includes domains like sports technology, sports health, sports commerce, and sports culture. Elysian Park is stage-agnostic, meaning they invest across all stages, from seed rounds to growth equity, with a typical range from $500,000 to $100 million. Notable portfolio companies include SeatGeek, a leader in ticketing technology, and Oura, a wellness wearable company. The firm also actively partners with sports-centric organizations like the PGA of America through their EP Golf Ventures platform, which focuses on innovation in the golf industry. With headquarters in Los Angeles and a global presence in key cities like New York and London, Elysian Park Ventures offers founders access to a vast network in the sports and entertainment industries, strategic insights, and the capital necessary to scale globally.
Emerge Education, founded in 2013 by Jan Lynn-Matern, is a London-based venture capital firm that specializes in early-stage investments in educational technology companies. The firm’s mission is to democratize access to opportunity by being a catalytic partner for early-stage edtech founders. Emerge Education focuses on sectors such as higher education, lifelong learning, and the future of work, investing primarily in pre-seed and seed stages across Europe and North America. Emerge Education is distinguished by its backing from over 100 of the world's leading edtech operators, offering founders unparalleled insights and support from industry experts. Their typical investment ranges from £250,000 to £1.5 million, and they provide hands-on support to help startups scale and succeed. Notable investments in their portfolio include companies like Tomorrow University of Applied Sciences, Causaly, Unibuddy, and Mentor Collective, which are driving innovation in various aspects of education and workforce development (Emerge Education) (PitchBook). Emerge Education has also seen successful exits, such as Zavvy and Kide Science, showcasing their effective investment strategy and support mechanisms. For startups looking to partner with Emerge Education, demonstrating strong alignment with their focus on transformative education technologies and a clear ambition to become global category leaders is key.
Emerging Ventures is a seed-stage venture capital firm focused on investing in U.S. and Canadian technology startups that are leveraging emerging technologies to solve business challenges. The firm has a dual approach, targeting approximately 80% of its investments in companies using existing technologies to improve current processes, while the remaining 20% is dedicated to startups inventing the next generation of technologies, particularly in deep tech. Headquartered in Southern California, Emerging Ventures has a diversified portfolio that also includes investments in Canada and Israel, with over half of its first fund's portfolio based outside California. The firm is led by Managing Partner David Mandel, who brings extensive experience from his background in building and exiting successful businesses in insurance and finance, along with his deep involvement in the tech startup ecosystem as an active angel investor. Partner Benett Cole complements the team with his 30 years of experience in financial services and investment management. Emerging Ventures is committed to identifying startups that are "venture back-able," meaning those with the potential to raise significant institutional venture capital within 12 to 24 months at much higher valuations. This approach is supported by their extensive network and hands-on investment style, which provides startups with the resources and guidance needed to achieve rapid growth.
Emerson Collective, founded by Laurene Powell Jobs, is a unique blend of philanthropy and impact investing focused on education, immigration, the environment, media, and health. Notable investments include AltSchool, College Track, and XQ Institute, emphasizing their commitment to transforming education and creating social impact. They invest globally but have a strong presence in the US. Their strategy involves partnering with innovative entrepreneurs and providing not just capital but also strategic support to scale impactful solutions. The team is composed of experts from various fields, ensuring a comprehensive approach to addressing complex social issues.
Emoote is a Web3-focused venture capital fund established in 2021 by Akatsuki Inc., a Japanese entertainment company. Headquartered in Singapore and Tokyo, Emoote focuses on investing in early-stage startups in the entertainment, media, and lifestyle sectors, particularly those utilizing Web3 technologies. The firm aims to create emotionally resonant experiences, blending traditional entertainment with innovative blockchain-based solutions, such as NFTs, GameFi, and tokenomics. Emoote’s investments are global, with a strong focus on the Asian and U.S. markets. The firm’s portfolio includes notable projects like STEPN, a lifestyle app integrating fitness and tokenomics, and BreederDAO, a GameFi NFT platform. Emoote also supports ventures like Fusionist, EthSign, and StoryCo, showcasing its commitment to evolving Web3 ecosystems through gaming, creator economies, and real-world asset tokenization. Emoote prioritizes projects that create emotional value, moving beyond financial incentives to foster deeper connections in the virtual world.
Empede Capital is a venture capital firm established in 2021, with a focus on disruptive technologies across various sectors. Headquartered in Tortola, British Virgin Islands, with additional offices in the UAE and the UK, Empede Capital primarily invests in Seed to Series B startups. The firm’s expertise spans industries like cyber technology, construction technology, healthcare, agriculture, fintech, cloud, virtual reality, drone technology, and more. Empede Capital emphasizes innovation and scalability, investing in companies that leverage emerging technologies to disrupt traditional industries. Some of its notable portfolio investments include Instacart, Better.com, Digital Ocean, and Axiom Space. The firm's founding partners, including Mukund Hirani, Prakash Senghani, Raj Varsani, and Dinesh Dabasia, bring extensive experience from sectors like cyber, real estate, and construction, which they use to provide both financial support and strategic guidance to the startups they back. Empede Capital's approach focuses on providing "smart capital," leveraging its domain expertise to help companies scale and achieve industry disruption.
Eniac Ventures is a premier seed-stage venture capital firm with a notable portfolio including Hinge, Headspace, and Tapad. Focused on AI, SaaS, healthcare, and deep tech, Eniac invests primarily in U.S.-based companies. The firm typically leads seed rounds with average check sizes ranging from $500K to $1M, and is renowned for its hands-on approach and strategic support. Co-founders Hadley Harris and Nihal Mehta leverage their extensive entrepreneurial backgrounds to guide startups towards success. Eniac prefers pitches that demonstrate strong technical foundations and significant market potential. They have been especially active recently, seeking bold, transformative startups that can redefine their industries. For founders, a warm introduction and a well-prepared, concise pitch are key to gaining their attention. Eniac’s team is dedicated to fostering innovation and driving growth, positioning themselves as valuable partners in the startup ecosystem.
Entrée Capital, a global venture capital firm founded in 2010, provides multi-stage funding for innovative startups from pre-seed to growth stages. They manage over $1.25 billion across nine funds, focusing heavily on fintech, deep tech, SaaS, AI, blockchain, and e-commerce sectors. Their notable investments include Monday.com, Coupang, Stripe, and Cazoo. Based in Tel Aviv, Israel, with additional offices in London and New York, Entrée Capital primarily targets investments in Israel, the U.S., and Europe. The firm’s strategy involves supporting startups from the idea stage through to scaling, providing both capital and strategic guidance. They actively lead funding rounds and offer extensive mentorship and market insights to help portfolio companies navigate growth challenges. Key team members include Aviad Eyal, co-founder and managing partner, and Eran Bielski, general partner. Both bring extensive experience in venture capital and entrepreneurship, contributing to the firm's strong track record of successful investments and exits. Entrée Capital has backed over 180 startups, achieving more than 27 exits and IPOs, and supporting over 17 unicorns. The firm’s approach emphasizes building strong, long-term relationships with founders and aligning closely with their visions. They are particularly accessible through direct contact on their website and prefer pitches that demonstrate clear, innovative business models and strong market potential.
Entrepreneur First (EF) is a global talent investor founded in 2011 by Alice Bentinck and Matt Clifford. EF's unique approach focuses on helping individuals build technology companies from scratch, often before they have a team or specific idea. This model emphasizes selecting ambitious individuals based on their potential and providing them with the resources to find co-founders and develop their startups. Operating in major cities such as London, Singapore, Berlin, Paris, Bangalore, and Toronto, EF has successfully created over 500 companies with a combined valuation exceeding $10 billion. Some of their most notable investments include Tractable, a computer vision company valued at $1 billion; Magic Pony Technology, which was acquired by Twitter for $150 million; and Omnipresent, a remote HR platform. EF typically invests around £80,000 in each startup in Europe, C$100,000 in Canada, and SG$75,000 in Asia, in exchange for a 10% equity share. Their portfolio boasts significant exits like Deliveroo, PassFort Limited, and Trussle, showcasing their effectiveness in nurturing early-stage startups. EF's investment philosophy prioritizes talent over pre-existing ideas, enabling them to partner with ambitious individuals early in their entrepreneurial journey. The firm has received backing from prominent figures and institutions, including Reid Hoffman, co-founder of LinkedIn, and John and Patrick Collison, co-founders of Stripe. This strong support system, coupled with EF's robust program, helps founders develop their ideas, find co-founders, and secure further investment from top-tier venture capital firms.
Entrepreneurs Roundtable Accelerator (ERA), founded in 2011, is New York City's leading technology accelerator and early-stage venture capital fund. ERA focuses on investing in startups at the forefront of various industries, including health care, financial services, future of work, commerce, and climate. ERA typically invests $150,000 in each company for a 6% stake through a post-money SAFE. The accelerator provides extensive support to its portfolio companies, including free office space, cloud hosting credits, and access to a network of over 1,000 expert mentors. This mentorship network is crucial in helping startups navigate the challenges of early-stage growth. Notable investments by ERA include Glia, TripleLift, Katapult, Thirty Madison, Nayya, Order, Bespoke Post, User Interviews, Fund That Flip, CardFlight, and Scentbird. ERA alumni companies have collectively raised over $2 billion in investor capital and exceed $10 billion in market capitalization. ERA is known for its robust support system, which includes talent acquisition, business development, community and networking, marketing, and PR. The accelerator's commitment to fostering innovation and entrepreneurship has positioned it as a pivotal player in New York's startup ecosystem.
EOS VC is a venture capital initiative launched by Block.one, the company behind the EOSIO blockchain software. Focused on fostering the growth of the EOSIO ecosystem, EOS VC supports early-stage blockchain startups by providing funding through various venture capital partnerships. The initiative has committed to investing over $600 million in projects that leverage the speed, scalability, and usability of EOSIO, helping to bring decentralized technologies into mainstream applications. The fund partners with established venture capital firms like FinLab AG and Galaxy Digital to invest in companies using blockchain to create innovative solutions across industries such as finance, gaming, and media. Notable portfolio companies include TAIKAI, a platform for hackathons, and Zumo, a decentralized mobile wallet. EOS VC's global reach, with a particular focus on Asia, provides startups access to an international network, catalyzing the development of blockchain-based business models. The program has also initiated grants and other funding opportunities to further nurture innovation and growth within the EOSIO ecosystem.
EQT Ventures is a powerhouse in the venture capital world, renowned for its robust investment portfolio and strategic prowess. The fund, managing €1.1 billion, focuses on early-stage tech startups, primarily in Europe and North America. Notable investments include Wolt, Peakon, and Airkit, showcasing its knack for backing high-potential companies. EQT Ventures targets industries like fintech, health tech, AI, mobile gaming, and sustainability. The fund is particularly interested in business models with scalable tech solutions that address real-world problems. Geographically, EQT Ventures has a strong presence in Europe and the US, with offices in major hubs like Stockholm, London, Berlin, Paris, and San Francisco. This broad reach helps them tap into diverse markets and innovation ecosystems. Their investment strategy is both aggressive and supportive, offering initial investments ranging from €1 to €50 million. EQT Ventures is known for its active involvement in scaling startups, leveraging a team of over 40 founders and operators. The advisory team, split equally between men and women, uses proprietary AI tools like Motherbrain to identify and nurture high-growth opportunities. Founders can expect a hands-on approach, with EQT Ventures providing not just capital, but also strategic guidance and operational support. The team, led by key figures like Lars Jörnow and Ashley Lundström, brings a wealth of experience and a track record of success in building global companies.
Eurazeo is a prominent global investment group with approximately €35 billion in assets under management, including €24 billion managed on behalf of institutional and private clients. The firm specializes in private equity, private debt, and real assets, with investments spanning consumer, healthcare, tech-enabled services, and financial services sectors. Notable investments include high-profile companies like Moncler, Farfetch, Vestiaire Collective, Asmodee, and Orolia, as well as tech companies like Deezer and Onfido. Eurazeo’s strategy focuses on identifying and accelerating the growth potential of their portfolio companies through capital investment and strategic support. Eurazeo operates across various investment strategies, including buyouts, growth capital, venture capital, and real assets. With offices in Europe, North America, and Asia, Eurazeo has a diverse geographic reach and is committed to long-term value creation with a responsible investment approach.
Evening Fund is a venture capital firm based in Mountain View, California, founded in 2021. The firm focuses on early-stage investments, particularly in the Seed, Series A, and Series B stages, targeting sectors such as artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML), fintech, and cloud technology. Notable investments by Evening Fund include Flyby Robotics, an end-to-end drone automation and delivery company; Byteboard, a platform providing technical interview solutions for hiring engineers; and Reworth, a fintech company based in Mexico. Other significant investments include Akudo, a financial services startup aimed at helping teenagers build credit, and Connectly.ai, a messaging platform for businesses. The fund is known for its approach of combining traditional venture capital practices with the unique insights and expertise of its founders, who are full-time entrepreneurs and evening investors. This blend provides their portfolio companies with both financial support and strategic guidance to help them grow and succeed in competitive markets.
Everywhere Ventures, previously known as "The Fund," is a global pre-seed venture capital firm founded in 2018 by Jenny Fielding, Scott Hartley, and several other partners. The firm takes a unique approach by building a community of over 500 founders and operators who actively support one another. This "many-to-many" model is distinct from traditional VC structures, emphasizing collaboration within its network. Everywhere Ventures typically invests between $50,000 and $250,000 in pre-seed startups, generally participating in rounds of $500,000 to $2 million. The firm has backed more than 250 companies across a range of industries, with a core focus on the future of money, health, and work. Their portfolio includes businesses that are redefining sectors through technology and innovation, with the firm often leading or syndicating deals. Everywhere Ventures is committed to supporting early-stage founders globally, particularly those with big ideas and bold visions, even if they lack traction. With its strong emphasis on founder support and global reach, the firm has quickly become a go-to for first-time entrepreneurs.
Evolution VC Partners is a New York-based venture capital firm focused on "culture-tech" investments—companies that are reshaping how people work, live, and interact with technology. Established by Gregg Smith, the firm primarily invests in sectors such as advanced materials, 3D printing, fintech, media, entertainment, digital health, life sciences, and plant-based innovations. Their goal is to support disruptive companies that are defining today's culture and paving the way for future societal shifts. The firm is stage-agnostic, meaning it invests in companies at various phases, from early-stage to growth-stage ventures. Evolution VC Partners works closely with founders, providing not just capital but also strategic advice to accelerate growth. Their portfolio includes notable companies like Instacart, Rodo, DailyPay, and Axiom Space. What sets Evolution apart is that it operates solely with the founder's personal capital, allowing for more flexibility and focus on long-term impact rather than external fund performance.
Expa, founded by Garrett Camp in 2013, is a venture studio and VC fund based in San Francisco. It focuses on early-stage investments, particularly in SaaS, FinTech, ClimateTech, E-Commerce, and software sectors. Notable investments include companies like Aero, Current, Collective, Metabase, and Joro. With over 100 investments and 11 exits, Expa typically provides seed funding between $500K and $1M and plays an active role in guiding startups through MVP development, hiring, and finding product-market fit. Expa’s strategy is centered around supporting founders with both capital and hands-on expertise. They value strong, innovative ideas and prefer to be approached with detailed, well-structured pitches demonstrating clear market potential. Their global reach includes significant investments across the U.S., with key operations in San Francisco. The Expa team, featuring industry leaders and experienced entrepreneurs, ensures robust support for their portfolio companies. For those looking to engage with Expa, networking through industry events and leveraging mutual connections can be effective ways to gain their attention.
Expara is a leading venture capital firm in Southeast Asia, known for its early-stage investments and acceleration programs. Founded in 2003 and headquartered in Singapore, Expara has established itself as a pioneer in the region's VC ecosystem. The firm focuses on industries such as fintech, healthtech, artificial intelligence (AI), foodtech, and blockchain, having invested in more than 90 startups through five venture capital funds. With offices in Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam, and other countries, Expara’s regional presence is robust, providing startups with access to vital mentorship, resources, and networking opportunities. Over the past 20 years, Expara has helped companies in its portfolio raise over $700 million in follow-on investments, and its expertise extends to corporate innovation and venture services, where it works with large enterprises to foster technological growth and industry disruption. The firm also plays a critical role in entrepreneurial education, offering a variety of training programs through Expara Academy. These programs focus on equipping both entrepreneurs and investors with the necessary skills to succeed in the fast-paced world of startups. Expara’s portfolio is diverse, covering sectors like AR/VR, SaaS, e-commerce, and healthcare, with a notable focus on companies that leverage cutting-edge technologies to solve real-world problems. The firm’s track record of successful exits further reinforces its reputation as a key player in Southeast Asia’s startup ecosystem.
Expert Dojo is an early-stage startup accelerator and venture capital firm based in Santa Monica, California. Since its founding in 2018, Expert Dojo has invested in over 260 startups worldwide, focusing primarily on pre-seed and seed-stage companies. They offer $50,000 for a 3.5% equity stake, and their portfolio consists largely of minority and female-led startups across various industries, including technology, healthcare, and e-commerce. Their investment approach goes beyond funding, as they provide a comprehensive growth program aimed at accelerating startups' success. This program includes personal sales coaching, branding optimization, and extensive outreach strategies. Expert Dojo also holds quarterly demo days to showcase startups to potential investors and offers up to $1 million in follow-on investments for top-performing companies. The firm is particularly well-known for its emphasis on diversity, with 41% of its portfolio companies being female-founded. Expert Dojo is a great partner for early-stage founders looking for hands-on support to scale rapidly and navigate the challenges of reaching Series A funding.
F7 Ventures is a pre-seed and seed-stage fund founded by seven seasoned female leaders from tech giants like Facebook, Google, and Yahoo. With a mission to support diverse founders, F7 Ventures emphasizes investments in sectors driving the future of work and consumer services. They are particularly drawn to entrepreneurs with deep operational experience, focusing on those building products that address significant societal shifts, like the growing digital workforce and consumer utility innovations. Key investments include startups like Fireflies.ai, an AI voice assistant for meetings, and Flockjay, an online sales academy. With a $50M Fund 1, F7 Ventures invests in building companies that can define the next decade. Geographically, they focus on Silicon Valley but also show interest in innovative founders globally. F7's strategy is hands-on, leveraging their vast operational network to guide founders through critical growth stages. They prefer leading investment rounds, offering deep tactical support through their Operator Network, which includes experts across recruitment, product, and growth strategy. They are selective in their investments, looking for tenacious founders with the potential to scale fast. Led by Kelly Graziadei and Joanna Lee Shevelenko, both former Facebook executives, F7 emphasizes diversity and community, helping founders build resilient, scalable companies with strong execution. Startups looking to approach F7 should emphasize their operational readiness and alignment with the fund’s focus on transformative, sustainable innovation.
Felicis Ventures, based in Menlo Park, California, is renowned for backing transformative companies across various stages and sectors. Notable investments include Canva, Gusto, Guild Education, Komodo Health, and Matterport. They focus on frontier tech, health and bio, security, vertical SaaS, and AI. With a global investment approach, Felicis leads rounds and offers substantial support to founders. Their average check size varies but is known to be significant in leading investments. Key team members like Sundeep Peechu bring deep expertise from backgrounds in tech and venture capital. Approaching Felicis involves demonstrating high-risk, high-reward potential and a clear narrative aligning with their visionary outlook.
Felix Capital is a London-based venture capital firm that focuses on early-stage investments at the intersection of technology and creativity. Founded by Frederic Court, Felix Capital targets innovations that enable digital lifestyles, investing in brands and enabling technologies that cater to both personal and professional aspects of life. The firm's mission is to support entrepreneurs with big ideas and help them build strong, impactful brands. Felix Capital manages over €1.2 billion across multiple funds, with its latest fund closing at over €562 million. This fund allows Felix to continue its strategy of backing culturally relevant consumer brands and enabling technologies, with a portfolio that includes notable companies like Mejuri, TravelPerk, SellerX, and Mirakl. Felix Capital emphasizes a thematic and founder-centric approach, reinvesting in existing portfolio companies at key growth inflection points and exploring new areas such as Web3 and sustainable lifestyle solutions. The team at Felix Capital is comprised of experienced investors and advisors, including new additions María Auersperg de Lera and Sophie Luck, who bring deep expertise to support the firm's vision and strategy.
Female Founders Fund (FFF) is a pioneering venture capital firm established to support female-led startups. Founded by Anu Duggal in 2014, FFF has become a beacon for gender diversity in venture capital, focusing on women entrepreneurs who are building category-defining companies. Notable investments include Zola, Maven Clinic, and Eloquii, which demonstrate the fund's commitment to transformative consumer and enterprise sectors. FFF primarily targets early-stage investments in industries such as healthcare, beauty and personal care, climate tech, and vertical software solutions. Their strategic approach involves not only funding but also providing extensive support through their network of mentors, advisors, and operational resources. This includes assistance in areas like marketing, growth, operations, and fundraising. Geographically, FFF focuses on the US market, with a significant presence in New York City. Their investment strategy emphasizes early engagement, often leading seed rounds with check sizes ranging from $500K to $2M. They are known for their active role in the companies they invest in, providing both strategic guidance and hands-on support to help scale their portfolio companies effectively. The leadership team, including Anu Duggal, Adrianna Samaniego, and Emily St. Denis, brings a wealth of experience from diverse backgrounds, ensuring a robust support system for their portfolio companies. Startups are encouraged to approach FFF with a clear vision and strong market potential, particularly in sectors aligned with the fund’s focus on innovation and sustainability.
ff Venture Capital (ffVC) is a New York-based venture capital firm, founded in 2008 by John Frankel and Alex Katz. The firm specializes in seed and early-stage investments across sectors such as AI, fintech, insurtech, drones, and robotics. With over 90 active portfolio companies, ffVC is known for its strategic investments and support for startups in emerging industries. Some of ffVC's notable investments include companies like Addepar, Cornerstone OnDemand, Indiegogo, Ionic Security, Skycatch, Plated, Owlet, and Socure. These investments highlight ffVC's focus on innovative technologies and their potential to transform industries. The firm typically invests with an average check size of over $500,000, leading or following in funding rounds to provide substantial support to its portfolio companies. ffVC has also expanded its operations globally, with a significant presence in Europe, particularly through its ff Red & White fund, which supports startups in Central Europe. This expansion demonstrates ffVC's commitment to driving innovation and supporting entrepreneurial ventures on an international scale. The firm places a strong emphasis on building a robust community around its investments, actively partnering with founders to create high-value, market-moving businesses. This approach is further strengthened by its strategic hires and collaborations, enhancing its operational capabilities and global reach.
First Round Capital, founded in 2004 and based in San Francisco, is a venture capital firm that specializes in seed-stage investments. The firm has an impressive track record, having supported over 300 startups across various sectors. Notable investments by First Round Capital include companies like Uber, Square, Warby Parker, Notion, Roblox, and Blue Apron. These companies have grown to become industry leaders, showcasing First Round's ability to identify and nurture high-potential startups from their earliest stages. First Round Capital's investment philosophy emphasizes building a strong community among its portfolio companies. They provide extensive support beyond just financial backing, including strategic guidance and access to a network of experienced founders and industry experts. Their average initial investment ranges from $1 million to $5 million, with a focus on being the lead investor in most cases. However, they also collaborate with other seed-stage VCs and angels. The firm primarily invests in companies based in the United States, with a few exceptions for companies in Canada. They have a hands-on approach, working closely with founders to help them navigate the challenges of building and scaling their businesses. First Round's unique platform and dedicated team of experts provide invaluable resources to help startups succeed.
FirstMark Capital is a prominent early-stage venture capital firm headquartered in New York City. Founded in 2008 by Rick Heitzmann and Amish Jani, the firm has built a reputation for partnering with visionary founders, often leading seed and Series A rounds. FirstMark primarily focuses on investing in transformative industries such as artificial intelligence, consumer technology, e-commerce, healthcare, and enterprise software. Notable investments include high-profile companies like Pinterest, Shopify, Discord, and DraftKings. FirstMark’s value proposition goes beyond capital investment. The firm offers its portfolio companies a robust support network that includes customer acquisition, talent recruitment, and strategic guidance. This hands-on approach has allowed many of its portfolio companies to scale and achieve market dominance. FirstMark is known for its deep-rooted presence in the New York tech scene, though its reach extends globally with investments in Europe and beyond. Recently, FirstMark raised over $1.1 billion across multiple funds, cementing its position as one of the leading VC firms in the tech ecosystem. The firm's success is driven by its commitment to backing founders with bold ideas and long-term vision, providing not only financial backing but also the resources to help them navigate challenges and grow exponentially.
Firstminute Capital is a London-based venture capital firm founded in 2017 by Brent Hoberman and Spencer Crawley. The firm manages $400 million in assets and focuses on seed-stage investments in the UK, Europe, and the US. Firstminute Capital aims to be the first check into a company, typically investing between £1 million and £3 million, and strives for a 10% ownership stake in each portfolio company. The firm is backed by over 130 unicorn founders and has invested in more than 150 companies across various sectors, including deep tech, AI, gaming, media, SaaS, and healthtech. Notable portfolio companies include Wayve, Mistral, Storyblok, and Taktile. Firstminute Capital's team comprises experienced entrepreneurs and investors, including co-founders Brent Hoberman and Spencer Crawley, who have founded and exited two unicorn startups and backed nine unicorns at the seed stage. The team also includes partners Lina Wenner and Sam Endacott, and principal Michael Stothard, among others. The firm emphasizes a strong community and network to support their portfolio companies, offering strategic guidance and leveraging connections to help startups achieve significant growth. Firstminute Capital's mission is to be Europe's most helpful seed fund, providing founders with comprehensive support from day one.
Hearst Ventures, established in 1995, is the corporate venture capital arm of Hearst Communications. Based in New York, it operates globally with offices in London, Beijing, and Tel-Aviv. Hearst Ventures has invested over $1 billion to date, making it one of the most active corporate venture funds. The firm focuses on early-stage investments in technology-driven businesses across various sectors, including media, information services, and technology. Notable portfolio companies include Via, a global provider of on-demand transit solutions; Roku, a leading streaming platform; and BuzzFeed, a prominent digital media company. Hearst Ventures has made a total of 199 investments and achieved 84 successful exits, including high-profile companies like Pandora and Brightcove. The leadership team at Hearst Ventures includes Kenneth Bronfin, Senior Managing Director and Head of International Investments; Scott English, Senior Managing Director and Head of U.S. Investments; and Darcy Frisch, Managing Director and Vice President. Their extensive experience and strategic guidance play a crucial role in driving the success of Hearst Ventures' portfolio companies.
has built a vast portfolio, including notable investments in companies such as Alibaba, Coupang, Flexport, Delivery Hero, Shipbob, Properly, Wallapop, and Rappi. The firm is known for its stage-agnostic approach, meaning they invest in companies at various stages, from pre-seed to later stages. FJ Labs focuses on identifying and supporting visionary founders who exhibit passion, grit, and the ability to execute their visions. Their investment strategy leverages their deep expertise in marketplaces, resulting in over 30 of their portfolio companies achieving unicorn status (valuations over $1 billion). With more than 1,000 investments, FJ Labs has made significant contributions to the startup ecosystem, particularly in sectors like e-commerce, logistics, and fintech. The firm recently announced $260 million in new funds to continue its support of early-stage and growth-stage startups. This includes a pre-seed fund and an opportunity-style “Series B and beyond” fund, reflecting their commitment to nurturing startups through various growth phases.
Flat6Labs is the MENA region’s premier seed and early-stage venture capital firm, fostering innovation across the Middle East and Africa. Known for its extensive startup programs, Flat6Labs invests in over 100 tech-driven startups annually, with notable investments in sectors such as HealthTech, FinTech, EdTech, GreenTech, and AgriTech. Key portfolio companies include Paymob, Instabug, and Elves. Flat6Labs operates with a strong geographic focus on North Africa, West Africa, and East Africa, expanding its impact through initiatives like the $95 million Africa Seed Fund. This fund aims to support 160 early-stage startups, focusing on digital inclusion and addressing social and environmental challenges. The firm’s investment strategy involves seed funding ranging from $150,000 to $500,000, typically leading investment rounds. Startups benefit from robust regional business support, access to a vast network of mentors, and logistical assistance. Flat6Labs runs multiple programs, including the Ignite Program in the UAE and the Anava Seed Fund in Tunisia, emphasizing a hands-on approach to nurturing entrepreneurial talent. The leadership team includes Ramez El-Serafy (CEO) and Dina El Shenoufy (CIO), both of whom bring extensive experience and strategic vision to the firm. Flat6Labs' holistic support and regional expertise make it a cornerstone in the MENA startup ecosystem, committed to driving long-term positive change and economic empowerment. This founder-friendly VC fund is not just about financial investment but also about building a supportive community that helps startups scale efficiently and sustainably.
Floodgate is a prominent venture capital firm based in Palo Alto, California, co-founded by Mike Maples Jr. and Ann Miura-Ko in 2010. The firm focuses on early-stage investments in technology companies, particularly in Silicon Valley. With a keen eye for disruptive innovations, Floodgate has made significant investments in companies like Twitter, Lyft, Twitch, Okta, Chegg, and Clover Health. Floodgate is known for its “Thunder Lizards” concept, which describes companies with the potential to become wildly disruptive market leaders. This idea, coined by Mike Maples Jr., reflects Floodgate's strategy of identifying and supporting transformative startups from the earliest stages. They typically invest between $150,000 and $1 million, often leading seed rounds and providing extensive support and guidance to their portfolio companies. Ann Miura-Ko, a highly respected figure in the venture capital world, has been instrumental in shaping Floodgate’s investment philosophy. She has been recognized multiple times on Forbes' Midas List and the New York Times' top venture capitalists list. Her investments span across a range of sectors, including marketplaces and highly technical fields, making her a versatile and visionary investor. Floodgate's investment approach is characterized by a deep commitment to its portfolio companies, offering not just capital but also strategic advice and operational support. The firm's focus on fostering long-term relationships with founders and helping them navigate the complexities of scaling their businesses has contributed to its success and reputation in the venture capital industry.
Flori Ventures is a dynamic seed-stage venture capital firm dedicated to supporting top entrepreneurs in building the future financial system and addressing the climate crisis. They focus on early-stage investments, from pre-seed to pre-Series A, and have backed over 80 startups with more than $30 million in funding. Notable investments include Releaf, which leverages supply chain technology to reduce costs for African FMCGs, and MOSS, Brazil's leading carbon offset platform protecting the Amazon rainforest. Flori Ventures is geographically focused on emerging markets, particularly within the financial and climate innovation sectors. Their investment strategy emphasizes scalable technology solutions with significant market impact. They typically invest in the range of $500k to $1M, often leading rounds and taking board seats when necessary. Flori Ventures values strong technical expertise, product-market fit, and early revenue traction in the companies they invest in. The team at Flori Ventures includes industry veterans such as Maria Alegre, co-founder and managing partner, who previously co-founded and led Chartboost, and Tomer Bariach, a general partner with deep expertise in token economics. The firm is known for its hands-on approach, providing extensive support and leveraging a wide network to amplify the impact of their portfolio companies.