Natural Resources VC Funds

Safar Partners is a dynamic venture capital firm based in Cambridge, Massachusetts, specializing in early to growth-stage investments. Founded in 2019, Safar Partners focuses on groundbreaking sectors such as cleantech, advanced materials, AI, robotics, and life sciences, primarily targeting innovations emerging from MIT, Harvard, and the University of Rochester. The firm’s notable investments include Commonwealth Fusion Systems, Agility Robotics, and RightHand Robotics, which highlight their commitment to transformative technologies. Safar Partners has also supported Verve Motion and Quaise Energy, showcasing a diverse portfolio that spans across AI, clean energy, and robotics. Led by Nader Motamedy and Arunas Chesonis, Safar Partners boasts a team of experts with extensive backgrounds in technology and finance. Their strategic approach emphasizes long-term partnerships with founders, leveraging their robust network and deep industry knowledge to drive growth and innovation. Safar Partners typically participates in significant funding rounds, with investments averaging around $12.6 million. They often co-invest with other leading firms like Alumni Ventures and Lowercarbon Capital, further enhancing their investment strategy through collaborative efforts. For startups seeking investment, Safar Partners values clear alignment with their focus areas and appreciates introductions through their established network. Their proactive and supportive approach makes them a sought-after partner for innovative companies aiming to scale rapidly​.

Safer Made is a venture capital firm that focuses on investing in innovative companies developing safer chemistry and materials for consumer products. Founded with a mission to eliminate harmful chemicals from everyday items, Safer Made seeks to support startups that create products and technologies promoting safety and sustainability. The firm primarily targets early to mid-stage companies that address key issues in sectors like beauty, food packaging, textiles, and healthcare. Safer Made collaborates closely with leading brands and retailers committed to safety and sustainability, helping them find and invest in new technologies that align with their safer chemistry needs. This collaboration often includes scouting new technologies, co-investing, and engaging in pilot projects to accelerate the adoption of safer materials. Safer Made’s investment strategy is deeply rooted in their expertise in chemistry, enabling them to identify technologies that not only remove harmful substances but also deliver superior performance. By prioritizing safer, high-performing products, Safer Made enables brands to tell a compelling story of safety and sustainability that resonates with consumers. Overall, Safer Made is dedicated to driving positive change by funding innovations that contribute to healthier lives and a cleaner environment, positioning itself as a key player in the movement towards safer consumer products​.

Safran Group, headquartered in Paris, is a leading international high-technology group operating in the aviation, defense, and space markets. With over 92,000 employees and sales of 23.2 billion euros in 2023, Safran is dedicated to contributing to a safer, more sustainable world through its innovative technologies and solutions. One of Safran's most notable projects is its involvement in the development of the LEAP engine through its joint venture with General Electric, CFM International. The LEAP engine is renowned for its efficiency and lower emissions, playing a crucial role in modernizing aircraft propulsion systems. Safran also collaborates with Airbus in the ArianeGroup, focusing on advanced propulsion technologies for civil and military space launch systems, including the Ariane 6 launch vehicle, which aims to enhance Europe's access to space. In the realm of sustainable aviation, Safran is committed to decarbonizing the aerospace industry. They are actively working on projects like the HyPERION initiative, a joint research effort with Airbus and ArianeGroup to develop hydrogen propulsion solutions as a viable alternative to fossil fuels in aviation. Safran’s innovation efforts are also evident in their work on the James Webb Space Telescope, where they provided critical components for the telescope's successful deployment and operation. Additionally, Safran continues to drive advancements in aircraft interiors, landing systems, and avionics, ensuring enhanced safety and comfort for air travel. Through its various subsidiaries and joint ventures, Safran remains at the forefront of technological innovation, striving to meet the evolving needs of the aerospace and defense industries while prioritizing sustainability and environmental responsibility.

Salesforce Ventures, the corporate venture capital arm of Salesforce, has been actively investing in enterprise software companies since its founding in 2009. With headquarters in San Francisco, California, Salesforce Ventures has made over 890 investments across a variety of industries, emphasizing enterprise technology and cloud-based solutions​​. Notable investments include companies like Airtable, Databricks, DocuSign, Guild Education, monday.com, Snowflake, Snyk, Stripe, and Zoom. These investments highlight Salesforce Ventures' focus on backing innovative startups that transform how businesses operate and connect with their customers​​. Salesforce Ventures operates a structured investment approach, including the Salesforce Ventures Impact Fund, which supports companies driving social and environmental impact. This fund has invested in companies such as Arcadia, Rheaply, and Circulor, contributing significantly to climate tech and other critical sectors​​. The firm supports its portfolio companies with resources beyond capital, including strategic guidance, access to Salesforce's vast network, and operational support to help them scale. Key team members like John Somorjai, Khushboo Patel, and Paul Drews lead these efforts, ensuring that the companies they back can leverage Salesforce’s extensive ecosystem to grow and succeed​. For entrepreneurs, an investment from Salesforce Ventures signals strong confidence and provides substantial backing to build companies that can make a significant impact on the global market.

Salesforce, a global leader in customer relationship management, leverages its platform to help businesses connect with customers in new and innovative ways. Notable projects and investments reflect Salesforce's commitment to technological advancement and social impact. Salesforce Ventures, the company's investment arm, has supported over 400 companies since 2009, including high-profile startups like Airtable, Databricks, DocuSign, and Zoom. These investments span various sectors such as AI, cloud computing, and enterprise software, aligning with Salesforce's strategic goals of driving innovation and digital transformation. In terms of notable projects, Salesforce is investing heavily in AI and sustainability. The company recently opened its first AI research center in London, part of a $4 billion investment in AI innovation in the UK. This center focuses on developing cutting-edge AI technologies to enhance Salesforce's offerings and drive forward the next generation of AI-driven CRM solutions. Salesforce's Impact Fund, managed by Salesforce Ventures, invests in companies creating social and environmental impact. Focus areas include education, workforce development, climate, diversity, and digital health. Noteworthy investments from this fund include companies like Guild Education, which improves access to education and career opportunities, and WeaveGrid, which supports the transition to electric vehicles and clean energy. Salesforce's commitment to customer success is exemplified through various case studies. For instance, Heathrow Airport increased digital revenue by 30% through personalized marketing strategies powered by Salesforce, and General Mills tripled consumer engagement using data analytics and AI to tailor their marketing campaigns.

Sand Hill Angels, based in Silicon Valley, is a prominent angel investment group known for backing innovative startups across various industries. Their portfolio includes notable companies like Sweetgreen, Vaxart, and Archer, highlighting their commitment to disruptive solutions and defensible technologies. They have a strong focus on sectors such as information technology, healthcare, and consumer products, reflecting their diverse investment strategy​​. Geographically, Sand Hill Angels primarily invests in startups based in the United States, particularly within the Bay Area. They engage in early-stage to B-stage investments, providing not only capital but also mentorship and strategic guidance from their 140+ members, who are experienced entrepreneurs and business leaders​. The average investment size ranges from $1 million to $5 million, with a typical focus on companies with strong teams and clear go-to-market plans. They are known for being active co-investors and often collaborate with other venture capital funds to support the growth of their portfolio companies​​. Key team members include successful technology professionals and angel investors dedicated to fostering the growth of startup companies. For entrepreneurs looking to connect with Sand Hill Angels, it’s beneficial to emphasize innovative, scalable business models and a well-defined market problem​​. In summary, Sand Hill Angels is a vital player in the angel investing landscape, leveraging its members' expertise to nurture and accelerate the growth of high-potential startups.

Satgana is a climate-focused venture capital firm that invests in early-stage startups across Europe and Africa. Founded with a mission to support innovations that tackle climate change, the firm focuses on areas such as renewable energy, carbon removal, circular economy solutions, and sustainable food systems. Satgana typically invests between €100,000 and €300,000 in pre-seed and seed-stage startups. Their portfolio includes companies like Orbio Earth, which offers methane intelligence software, and Mazi Mobility, a Kenyan startup developing electric motorbike networks. Satgana also provides hands-on support to its portfolio companies, helping with technology development, impact management, and strategic growth. The firm is led by a diverse team of experienced founders, operators, and investors, including CEO Romain Diaz and several venture partners. They emphasize a collaborative approach, leveraging their extensive network to provide startups with far-reaching connections and operational support.

Saudi Aramco Energy Ventures is the corporate venture capital arm of Saudi Aramco, established in 2012 with an initial fund of $500 million. SAEV targets early-stage and high-growth companies, particularly those with strategic relevance to Aramco's core businesses. Their investment focus includes energy efficiency, renewable energy, advanced materials, and sustainability technologies. Notable investments by SAEV include Form Energy, a company specializing in long-duration energy storage; NexWafe, a manufacturer of high-efficiency monocrystalline silicon wafers; and Utilidata, which develops energy optimization software. SAEV has a global footprint, with offices in Houston, Boston, Aberdeen, Norway, London, and Beijing. Over the years, SAEV has made 45 investments, primarily in the U.S. and Europe, but is now expanding its presence in Asia. Recently, SAEV announced plans to launch a new $500 million fund to further invest in renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies, continuing their strategy of fostering innovations that align with global energy transformation trends. The firm also emphasizes investments in hydrogen production and carbon capture technologies, reflecting its commitment to sustainability and reducing environmental impact.

Scale Venture Partners is a leading venture capital firm that invests in early-stage technology companies, particularly those leveraging AI, SaaS, fintech, and security solutions. Based in Foster City, California, Scale typically leads Series A or B rounds, helping startups transition from founder-led growth to scalable, go-to-market machines. Their portfolio includes prominent companies like HubSpot, JFrog, and Papaya Global, which demonstrate their focus on transformative business software across various sectors. Scale Venture Partners takes an active role in its portfolio companies, often serving on boards and providing tailored support through its Scaling Platform, which offers access to executive networks, go-to-market strategies, and benchmarking tools. Their strategic focus on emerging technologies allows them to identify and nurture companies poised for category leadership in areas such as infrastructure, AI, and productivity. With over $2.8 billion in assets under management and a $900 million fund raised in 2022, Scale continues to back high-growth startups across North America, Europe, and Israel. They aim to support companies all the way to IPO, offering deep industry insights and operational expertise. Founders looking for strategic backing to scale their enterprises find a valuable partner in Scale Venture Partners.

Science Angel Syndicate, founded in 2021 and based in Bristol, UK, is an angel investment group focused on early-stage scientific startups. The syndicate brings together a community of entrepreneurs and investors dedicated to backing groundbreaking scientific discoveries that have the potential to make a significant societal impact. With a focus on disruptive technologies at the intersection of biology, chemistry, physics, and computer science, the group is particularly interested in companies that align with the emerging Industry 5.0, where human intelligence is enhanced by cognitive computing and automation. Science Angel Syndicate has made 15 investments across various sectors, including biotechnology, drug discovery, and healthcare devices, with companies like MitoRx Therapeutics and Neuronostics being part of their portfolio. The syndicate supports startups that aim to address critical challenges related to health and the environment, providing not only capital but also access to a network of experts across scientific and commercial domains. The syndicate's unique approach involves leveraging the collective knowledge and experience of its members to thoroughly assess the potential of frontier scientific companies. This collaborative method ensures that investments are made in technologies that are not only innovative but also commercially viable and scalable.

Scout Ventures is a seed-stage venture capital firm based in Austin, Texas, focusing on dual-use technologies that have applications in both the private sector and government. Their investment areas include AI, machine learning, quantum computing, robotics, advanced materials science, security, space, and advanced energy. Notable portfolio companies include Taqtile, EnCharge AI, Tomahawk Robotics, DeepSig, and Assurely. These companies are working on innovative solutions ranging from AI-accelerated chips and robotic automation to targeted insurance products and sustainable agriculture technologies​. Scout Ventures typically leads seed rounds with investments ranging from $1 to $3 million and reserves capital to follow on through Series B. The firm’s team comprises mostly military service academy graduates with extensive experience in both government and the intelligence community, which provides them with unique insights and access to non-dilutive capital through defense and national lab networks​.

Scribble Ventures, founded in 2020 and based in Portola Valley, California, is an early-stage venture capital firm that focuses on pre-seed through Series A investments. The firm has a diverse portfolio spanning sectors like information technology, healthcare, software as a service, and consumer products. Notable investments include Whatnot, a platform for live video auctions, Synctera, which provides banking-as-a-service solutions, TrueNorth, a company focused on transforming trucker management, and WellTheory, which offers a membership-based approach to chronic care management. Scribble Ventures is led by Elizabeth Weil, who brings extensive experience from her tenure at OpenAI, Twitter, and Andreessen Horowitz. Scribble Ventures emphasizes a founder-first culture, providing not just capital but also strategic guidance and leveraging their extensive network to support portfolio companies. This support ranges from key introductions to aiding in product development and market strategies. The firm has made 130 investments to date and has seen several successful exits, including Run The World and Welcome.

Scrum Ventures is an early-stage venture capital firm founded in 2013, with headquarters in San Francisco and Tokyo. The firm has a robust portfolio of over 120 investments, focusing on sectors such as mobility, fintech, IoT, VR, commerce, and healthcare. Notable investments include companies like May Mobility, Kidaptive, and ExaWizards. The firm takes a thematic approach to investing, identifying emerging trends and supporting startups with capital, strategic advice, and access to a global network of corporate partners, particularly in Japan. Scrum Ventures has successfully leveraged its strong ties with Japanese corporations like Panasonic and Fujitsu to provide startups with opportunities for growth and innovation​. Led by founder Tak Miyata, Scrum Ventures emphasizes collaboration and co-innovation, offering startups not only financial backing but also direct assistance with hiring, fundraising, and market entry strategies. Their hands-on approach and extensive network make them a valuable partner for early-stage companies looking to scale globally. For startups, approaching Scrum Ventures with a clear value proposition and a strong potential for international expansion, particularly in the Japanese market, can be highly beneficial​.

SCVC is a Bristol-based early-stage venture capital firm that focuses on deep tech startups. It was co-founded in 2020 by Dr. Harry Destecroix and Jon Craton, both successful entrepreneurs with backgrounds in biotech and technology. SCVC is the venture arm of the Science Creates ecosystem, which supports innovative tech startups emerging from research institutions. The firm primarily invests in pre-seed and seed-stage startups, with typical investment sizes ranging from $500,000 to $3 million, and follow-on funding of up to $7 million for high-performing companies. SCVC is particularly focused on advanced technologies that improve human health and the environment, including biotech, quantum tech, AI, and semiconductors. Notable portfolio companies include VyperCore, a RISC-V processor company, Delta g, which develops quantum gravity sensors, and Scarlet Therapeutics, which pioneers red blood cell-based therapies. SCVC's mission is to support deep tech founders by offering not just capital but also hands-on expertise to turn their scientific breakthroughs into commercial ventures. With its second fund targeting $100 million, SCVC is expanding its efforts to back high-impact startups that are leading what they believe to be the next major industrial revolution​.

SE Ventures is a venture capital firm backed by Schneider Electric, specializing in early-stage investments across climate tech, industrial automation, and energy management sectors. With a strong global presence, the firm combines traditional venture capital strategies with the operational expertise and expansive customer base of Schneider Electric, making it a unique player in accelerating startups. SE Ventures manages over €500 million in assets, supporting groundbreaking startups with both financial investment and strategic partnerships. A significant portion of its portfolio is focused on creating sustainable energy solutions and advancing digital technologies within the industrial space. Notable investments include AutoGrid (energy analytics), Claroty (industrial cybersecurity), and Verkor (battery technology for electric vehicles). The firm is particularly active in fostering long-term collaborations, with over 60% of its portfolio companies benefiting from direct commercial relationships with Schneider Electric. This strong connection allows startups to leverage Schneider’s global infrastructure and market expertise, accelerating their growth and market penetration. Headquartered in Menlo Park, California, with global operations, SE Ventures is led by a diverse team of industry experts, including General Partner Varun Jain. The firm continues to drive innovation in sectors critical to combating climate change and transforming industries for a sustainable future.

SeaX Ventures is a globally focused venture capital firm investing in early-stage companies working on "exponential" technologies that have the potential to transform industries and societies. With a strong emphasis on sectors such as Web3, biotechnology, artificial intelligence, material science, and robotics, SeaX Ventures actively supports visionary founders from around the world, helping them scale their groundbreaking innovations. The firm is known for its unique "3As" strategy: Access, Accelerate, and Advantage. Through their vast corporate network, which spans across Southeast Asia and the U.S., SeaX Ventures provides startups with valuable connections, leveraging the expertise of its sister company, RISE, which boasts over 2,000 startup alumni. SeaX Ventures has raised $60 million in its second fund and partners with large multinational corporations, especially from Southeast Asia, to bridge the gap between Silicon Valley and Asian markets. The firm's portfolio includes innovative companies such as Solana, Verdant Robotics, and Qvin, focusing on high-impact technologies. Their approach is to work closely with founders who are committed to transforming their industries, providing both strategic guidance and growth capital. Founded by experienced venture capitalists and entrepreneurs, SeaX Ventures is deeply involved in helping its portfolio companies reach their full potential by providing global market access and business development support. Their mission is to foster the next generation of transformative companies with a particular focus on deep tech that can drive significant economic and social progress.

SEB Group, headquartered in Stockholm, Sweden, is a leading financial services group with a rich history dating back to 1856. The company has established itself as a major player in corporate and investment banking, particularly in northern Europe, while also offering extensive retail banking services in Sweden and the Baltics. SEB's business strategy, outlined in its 2030 Strategy and the three-year business plan for 2022–2024, focuses on accelerating efforts, strategic change, strategic partnerships, and efficiency improvements. These initiatives aim to future-proof the bank by aligning with technological advancements, sustainability goals, and evolving customer needs. In sustainability, SEB is committed to significant reductions in fossil fuel credit exposure, aiming for a 45-60% reduction by 2030 compared to 2019 levels. By the end of 2023, they had already achieved a 39% reduction. Additionally, through SEB Greentech Venture Capital, the bank has increased its investments in green technology solutions by 239% since 2021, focusing on sectors like renewable energy, water management, and circular economy models. SEB is also heavily involved in sustainable finance. In 2023, it facilitated the issuance of SEK 111 billion in global sustainability and sustainability-linked bonds and increased the volume of green mortgages by 119%, amounting to SEK 17.3 billion. The bank's long-term financial targets include maintaining a strong balance sheet, competitive return on equity, and a high Common Equity Tier 1 capital ratio. SEB's dedication to sustainability is further evidenced by its involvement in the Net-Zero Asset Managers initiative, committing to achieving net-zero greenhouse gas emissions for all assets under management by 2040. The bank also engages extensively in corporate governance, with SEB Investment Management AB conducting over 2,800 dialogues on sustainability and governance issues in 2023.

Seedcamp is a leading early-stage venture capital firm in Europe, with a focus on backing ambitious founders building disruptive technology across various sectors. Founded in 2007, Seedcamp has a portfolio of over 460 companies, including high-profile successes like Revolut, UiPath, and Wise. Several of its investments have grown into unicorns, and two companies have gone public. The firm is sector-agnostic, investing in areas such as fintech, artificial intelligence, healthtech, and cybersecurity. Seedcamp typically invests early, providing first checks of up to $1 million in Angel and Seed rounds. Their approach combines the agility of an angel investor with the resources and operational support of a seasoned VC. Through their extensive network, including the Seedcamp Expert Collective (SxC), founders gain access to top operators from companies like Uber, Stripe, and Cloudflare, who offer guidance and mentorship to help startups scale quickly. Seedcamp is deeply embedded in Europe’s tech ecosystem, continually launching initiatives like Seedsummit to support early-stage founders with legal and operational advice. With their latest $180M Fund VI, they are well-positioned to lead the next decade of European tech growth​.

Sentiero Ventures is a Dallas-based venture capital firm that focuses on early-stage investments in AI-enabled software companies. Founded by David Evans, Jon Eberly, and Kishore Khandavalli, the firm targets startups that are harnessing the power of artificial intelligence to drive transformative change in various industries. The firm's investment thesis is centered around "knowledge convergence," where human and machine intelligence work together to create innovative business solutions. Sentiero Ventures is particularly interested in B2B SaaS startups that are delivering AI-driven applications across six core areas: process automation, cognitive insights, cognitive engagement, data collection, AI tools, and generative AI. The fund looks for companies that have a fully developed product and have demonstrated some level of market viability through completed pilots or initial revenue. The firm’s geographic focus is primarily on U.S.-based companies, with a strong preference for those in Texas, although they are open to investments across North America. Sentiero Ventures typically invests in industries where its partners have direct experience, including business services, healthcare IT, financial services, and real estate. The firm aims to be a strategic partner, providing not just capital but also the extensive entrepreneurial and operational expertise of its founding team to help startups scale and succeed.

Seraph Group, founded in 2004 by Tuff Yen, is an angel investment firm based in Milton, Georgia, and Foster City, California. The firm focuses on early-stage technology startups, providing investments typically ranging from $50,000 to $1,000,000. Seraph Group operates through its Structured Angel Fund™ and Growth Equity Fund, offering diversified portfolios to its investors. Notable investments by Seraph Group include companies such as Lucira Health, known for its rapid test kits, Molecula, a data virtualization platform, and Second Genome, which focuses on microbiome research. The firm has made 168 investments and achieved 24 exits, highlighting its active role in the startup ecosystem. Seraph Group’s investment strategy involves a blend of financial support and strategic guidance, leveraging a network of over 390 investors. This network provides valuable insights and mentorship to the portfolio companies, facilitating their growth and development in the competitive market. The firm's approach emphasizes diversification and active engagement, ensuring that both investors and entrepreneurs benefit from their partnership.

Seraphim Capital, founded in 2006 and based in London, is a leading venture capital firm specializing in SpaceTech investments. They focus on early and growth-stage companies that leverage space technology to address significant global challenges, including climate change, communications, and global security. Their portfolio includes notable companies like Astroscale, Spire Global, and Arqit Limited, which have made significant advancements in areas such as satellite technology, quantum encryption, and space debris management. The firm's investment range spans from $250,000 to $25 million, and they have supported over 100 SpaceTech startups, helping several achieve billion-dollar valuations. Seraphim's strategy involves not only providing capital but also offering extensive support through their Seraphim Space Accelerator and the Seraphim Space Investment Trust. This comprehensive approach ensures that startups receive the necessary resources and guidance to scale their operations and achieve market success. Key team members include co-founders Mark Boggett and James Bruegger, who have been instrumental in driving the firm’s vision of transforming science fiction into science fact. Seraphim Capital continues to push the boundaries of space technology, making strategic investments that aim to solve some of Earth's most pressing problems through innovative space-based solutions.\

Serpentine Ventures is a Swiss-based venture capital firm specializing in early-stage investments, particularly in deep tech, MedTech, and digital technology sectors. As part of the Swiss Ventures Group, the firm operates with a clear mission to support entrepreneurial teams in building cutting-edge businesses across Europe, with a specific focus on Switzerland. Serpentine’s investment strategy revolves around its diversified fund structure, which includes the Rookie Fund for pre-seed startups, the Flagship Fund for early-stage ventures, and specialized vehicles like the Diabetes Venture Fund. These funds collectively invest between CHF 50,000 and CHF 1 million, helping to fuel innovative companies from inception to growth. The firm’s portfolio includes notable startups such as Properti, a leading PropTech platform, and Loxo, which focuses on autonomous urban delivery​. Led by a team of experienced investors and entrepreneurs like Mike Baur and Michael Stucky, Serpentine is known for its hands-on approach, leveraging deep industry experience to provide strategic support beyond capital. With over 50 companies funded and a focus on long-term impact, the firm is dedicated to unlocking the potential of groundbreaking technologies in fields like AI, MedTech, and sustainable energy​. Headquartered in Zurich, Serpentine Ventures is a key player in Europe’s venture ecosystem, committed to empowering the next generation of tech-driven solutions.

Seven Seven Six is an early-stage venture capital firm founded in 2020 by Alexis Ohanian, based in Jupiter, Florida. The firm focuses on investments across various sectors, including technology, fintech, and healthcare. With nearly $1 billion in assets under management, Seven Seven Six utilizes a unique operating system called Cerebro to enhance portfolio monitoring and support. The firm's notable investments include companies like Helium, a provider of hardware mining solutions for cryptocurrency; Ro, a digital health platform; and Yuga Labs, known for its marketplace for games and digital collectibles. Recent investments in 2024 include Elektra Health, a health tech company, and Interlune, an aerospace, maritime, and defense company​. Seven Seven Six has achieved several successful exits, such as Proof Holdings and Kairos, and supports a diverse range of innovative startups with the potential to become industry leaders.

Seventure Partners, established in 1997, is one of Europe's leading venture capital firms, managing over €1 billion in assets. The firm primarily invests in two main sectors: Life Sciences, with a focus on health tech, biotech, microbiome, and digital health, and Digital Technologies, concentrating on fintech and insurtech. Seventure’s investment strategy involves rigorous but collegial processes, emphasizing strong relationships with management teams. The firm typically invests from Seed to Series B stages, with investment sizes ranging from €1.5 million to €15 million per round, and up to €20 million per company. They are often the lead investor and actively support portfolio companies through board representation and strategic guidance​. Headquartered in Paris, Seventure has additional offices in Munich, London, Geneva, and Basel. The team, comprising over 25 employees including 15 investors, works closely with entrepreneurs to help them achieve leadership positions in their respective fields​​. Seventure is also a pioneer in microbiome investments, having launched the world’s first dedicated microbiome fund. Their Health for Life Capital™ funds support companies revolutionizing healthcare through research in nutrition, digital health, and foodtech.

SGInnovate, established in 2016 and based in Singapore, focuses on early-stage investments in deep tech startups that aim to solve complex global challenges. Their portfolio spans various sectors, including AI, medtech, biotech, and quantum computing. Notable investments include Biofourmis, a health analytics company using AI; Affable.ai, an AI-enabled influencer marketing platform; and Ayar Labs, which develops photonic chiplets for high-performance computing. SGInnovate emphasizes not just financial investment but also active partnership and support through talent development and community networks. They collaborate with universities, polytechnics, and other ecosystem players to drive innovation and growth in the deep tech sector. The leadership team, led by CEO Lim Jui, includes professionals with extensive experience in investments and technology. SGInnovate has made 196 investments and successfully exited 54 companies, indicating a strong track record in nurturing and scaling deep tech startups. For entrepreneurs, SGInnovate offers various support mechanisms, including talent matching, community events, and collaboration opportunities to help startups scale and succeed in the global market.

Shell Ventures is the venture capital arm of Shell, dedicated to investing in startups and scale-ups that align with the company’s energy transition goals. Launched to foster innovation, Shell Ventures targets companies developing breakthrough technologies in areas such as renewable energy, energy storage, mobility, and carbon reduction. The venture arm plays a pivotal role in Shell’s broader strategy to diversify its portfolio beyond fossil fuels, aiming to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050. Shell Ventures operates globally, investing in early to late-stage startups. Its focus is on industries that can transform the energy landscape, including electric vehicle (EV) charging networks, hydrogen production, advanced biofuels, and carbon capture technologies. By backing these innovations, Shell Ventures contributes to Shell’s goal of becoming a leader in the clean energy sector. It has already made significant investments in companies like Sungevity (solar energy), Ample (EV battery swapping), and Limejump (energy tech for renewables). Shell Ventures doesn’t just provide capital; it offers strategic support, leveraging Shell’s vast industry expertise and global network. This allows portfolio companies to access markets, scale faster, and integrate more effectively within the energy ecosystem. The firm often co-invests with other venture funds, facilitating partnerships that foster innovation. By promoting cleaner energy solutions, Shell Ventures is crucial to Shell's efforts to transition towards a more sustainable energy future.

Shibumi International is a venture capital firm based in Dubai, primarily focused on early-stage startups in the construction, infrastructure, and built environment sectors. Established in 2018 as the venture arm of the international construction company Gülermak, Shibumi supports innovative startups that aim to make the built environment more efficient, sustainable, and aesthetically pleasing. The firm invests in a variety of high-tech and environmental sectors, including energy production and construction technology. Notable portfolio companies include Skypull, Sofant, and ECOncrete, which reflect Shibumi’s commitment to sustainability and cutting-edge technology. The typical investment size ranges from €1.5 million to €3 million, and the fund primarily participates in seed and pre-seed stages. Shibumi International also adds value beyond capital by providing access to expertise, networks, and pilot testing facilities through its parent company, allowing startups to accelerate their development and product implementation.

Signia Venture Partners, based in Redwood City, California, is an early-stage venture capital firm founded in 2012. The firm focuses on investing in technology-driven companies, spanning sectors such as SaaS, fintech, e-commerce, gaming, and blockchain. Signia typically invests between $500k and $3 million in early-stage startups. Their portfolio includes notable companies like Cruise (acquired by General Motors), Tenor (acquired by Google), Blue Talon (acquired by Microsoft), and FunPlus (acquired by Zhongji). Other significant investments include Bitski, Collective, Phoenix Labs (acquired by Garena), and Sendoso​. Signia's approach emphasizes building strong, supportive relationships with entrepreneurs, offering not just capital but also strategic guidance and operational support to help companies grow and scale. They aim to be highly involved and act as valuable partners to their portfolio companies.

Silicon Roundabout Ventures is a community-driven venture capital firm based in London, specializing in deep tech and big data startups. Founded in 2023, the firm leverages a massive network of over 15,000 founders and engineers, cultivated through years of tech meetups and live pitching events. These events have been instrumental in helping launch companies now valued at over £6 billion. Silicon Roundabout Ventures focuses on pre-seed and seed investments, particularly in companies developing next-generation technologies in computing, climate impact, health, and defense. The firm is known for its strong technical expertise, which enables them to support startups in building foundational infrastructure technologies with a strong intellectual property moat. Notable startups in their portfolio include CausaLens, Proximie, and Crypto Quantique. The fund is backed by high-profile investors, including Molten Ventures, and features a team with deep technical and entrepreneurial experience, such as Francesco Perticarari, Olivia Nicoletti, and Maria Grazia Vigliotti. Their approach is unique in the VC landscape, combining investment capital with robust community support, offering their portfolio companies access to a proprietary ecosystem for specialist hiring and industry connections.

SineWave Ventures, founded in 2015, is a venture capital firm headquartered in Arlington, Virginia, with a focus on investing in enterprise technology sectors such as computing, data and analytics, networking, and cybersecurity. They aim to support digital transformation in both commercial and public sectors, emphasizing innovative technologies that solve complex problems at the machine level. SineWave's portfolio includes notable investments like SentinelOne, Evolv Technology, and Paperspace. The firm has made a total of 34 investments and achieved nine exits, with their latest being RoboCorp, acquired in January 2024. SineWave typically invests in early-stage companies, providing both capital and strategic guidance to help them grow. The firm's investment strategy focuses on sectors like data analytics, where they look for technologies that make data easy to consume and use in decision-making processes. In networking, they invest in technologies that enhance network adaptivity and support edge computing and 5G. For cybersecurity, they prioritize solutions that offer systemic protection and secure transactions through advanced software and zero-trust frameworks. In computing, they aim to democratize access to high-performance computing resources and support distributed and edge computing technologies. SineWave Ventures is led by a team of experienced professionals, including Yanev Suissa, a Managing General Partner with a background in technology investments, and Patricia Muoio, a General Partner with extensive experience in cybersecurity and computing from her career in the Intelligence Community. Their team brings a wealth of knowledge and expertise to their portfolio companies, helping them navigate complex technical and strategic challenges.

Singularity University (SU) is a global learning and innovation community aimed at leveraging exponential technologies to address humanity's grand challenges. Through its Ventures program, SU supports startups that aim to make a significant global impact, focusing on industries such as biotechnology, healthcare, AI, and sustainability. SU Ventures has an impressive portfolio of companies that have collectively raised nearly $1 billion. Notable investments include Matternet, which pioneered drone delivery systems for medical supplies; Getaround, a leading car-sharing platform; and Be My Eyes, an app connecting visually impaired individuals with volunteers for real-time assistance. Other significant companies in their portfolio are Hala Systems, which provides technology-driven solutions for conflict zones, and Nexleaf Analytics, which develops sensor technologies for health and environmental monitoring. SU's investments emphasize innovative solutions that combine advanced technology with real-world applications to create sustainable and scalable impacts. Singularity University's Venture Fund I has also supported companies like Litesprite, which creates therapeutic gaming experiences, and ImpactVision, which uses hyperspectral imaging to improve food safety and quality. These investments highlight SU's commitment to fostering companies that not only push technological boundaries but also contribute to societal well-being.

Sinovation Ventures, founded in 2009 by Dr. Kai-Fu Lee, is a leading Chinese venture capital firm specializing in early to growth-stage investments. The firm focuses on sectors such as artificial intelligence, robotics, automation, semiconductors, and healthcare technology. With a presence in both China and the United States, Sinovation Ventures has raised over $3 billion across multiple funds. Notable investments by Sinovation Ventures include companies such as Niu Technologies, Planetary Resources, Securly, TuSimple, VIPKid, WeRide, Wonder Workshop, and Zhihu. These investments highlight the firm's commitment to backing innovative companies that leverage advanced technologies to address significant market opportunities and challenges. Sinovation Ventures has a strong track record of successful exits, including the public listing of Zhihu, China's leading question-and-answer platform, and the acquisitions of companies like Securly and TuSimple, an autonomous trucking technology company. The firm is currently targeting $500 million for its fifth fund, having already completed a first close of $200 million. This new fund continues to focus on AI and other advanced technologies, aiming to drive significant advancements and commercial success in these fields​.

Siparex is a prominent independent private equity firm based in France, managing over €3.7 billion in assets. The firm specializes in supporting companies across various stages of growth, from startups to intermediate-sized enterprises (ETIs). Siparex operates through multiple strategies, including ETI, Midcap, Mezzanine, Entrepreneurs, XAnge, TiLT Capital, and Territoires, enabling them to address diverse investment needs. Notable investments by Siparex include Efectis, a specialist in fire and explosion risk assessment, Green Fusion, which develops cloud-based energy management systems, and Capron Podologie, a leader in podiatry equipment. Siparex's approach is characterized by close collaboration with company management to implement effective solutions and drive both financial and extra-financial performance. The firm has a strong international presence with nine offices, including locations in France and abroad, and partnerships in Africa and North America, facilitating global reach and local expertise. Siparex is committed to being a responsible investor, integrating ethical considerations and sustainability into its investment decisions. In recent years, Siparex has continued to grow its assets under management through active fundraising, exemplified by the success of its Siparex ETI 5 fund, which closed at €450 million, and TiLT Capital's first fund, which raised €320 million.

SJF Ventures is a leading venture capital firm that focuses on investing in high-growth companies driving positive environmental and social impact. Notable investments include companies like Vital Farms, a leader in pasture-raised eggs, and Nextracker, a solar energy solutions provider. SJF Ventures primarily targets industries such as clean energy, climate tech, sustainable food, education, and health. The firm’s geographic focus spans across the U.S. and select global markets, with offices in Durham, New York, San Francisco, and Seattle. SJF Ventures employs a robust investment strategy, focusing on expansion-stage companies with scalable impact solutions. They prioritize rigorous due diligence, continuous value addition, and impact measurement. The fund typically leads investment rounds, providing average checks ranging from $1 million to $10 million. Startups looking to engage with SJF Ventures are advised to demonstrate clear impact metrics and scalable business models. The firm’s team comprises experienced professionals like David Kirkpatrick, Co-Founder and Managing Director, based in Durham, and Arrun Kapoor, Managing Director in New York. Their collective expertise spans over decades in impact investing, ensuring a deep engagement with portfolio companies to accelerate growth and impact. With a track record of 84 investments, SJF Ventures is recognized for its significant contributions to sustainability and social good. The firm’s leadership in the impact investing ecosystem is further highlighted by its role in co-founding Impact Capital Managers, an association of impact-focused funds. For startups, SJF Ventures offers not just capital but a partnership aimed at achieving long-term positive change.

Slow Ventures is a prominent early-stage venture capital firm that invests in companies positioned at the heart of the technology industry, as well as those exploring the edges of science, society, and culture. With offices in San Francisco, New York, and Boston, Slow Ventures has built a reputation for backing transformative ideas and helping visionary founders turn those ideas into impactful businesses. Their portfolio includes high-profile startups such as Allbirds, Robinhood, and Pinterest, which demonstrate the firm’s commitment to disruptive innovation across multiple sectors. Slow Ventures’ investment philosophy revolves around empowering companies that have the potential to shift entire industries. Whether it's a consumer product revolutionizing the way people think about sustainability, or a fintech platform democratizing access to financial markets, Slow Ventures seeks founders who are deeply curious, passionate, and mission-driven. The firm typically writes checks at the pre-seed, seed, and Series A stages, offering flexible financial support and hands-on mentorship to help startups grow from concept to full-scale operations​. With a focus on creating long-term value, Slow Ventures is deeply involved in the entrepreneurial journey, providing founders with access to a community of experienced advisors and resources. Their approach goes beyond financial investment, aiming to nurture companies that can positively impact society. They also have a strong interest in the convergence of technology with cultural and scientific developments, giving them a unique edge in spotting emerging trends and opportunities​.

SMBC Venture Capital, established in 2005, is the corporate venture capital arm of Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation (SMBC), headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. The firm focuses on early to growth-stage investments across a diverse range of industries, including technology, healthcare, financial services, and mobility solutions. With a portfolio of over 656 investments and significant co-investment partnerships, SMBC Venture Capital plays a vital role in fostering innovation within Japan's startup ecosystem. Notable recent investments include companies like SmartNews, which became a unicorn in 2019, and Luup, a micromobility service that provides essential transport solutions across Japan. SMBC Venture Capital's strategic approach combines rigorous risk assessment with a willingness to support promising startups even in their nascent stages. This flexibility and foresight have enabled the firm to back companies that address critical market needs and have the potential for significant growth​. The firm is led by a team of seasoned professionals, including President Tomofumi Saeki and Deputy General Manager Naoki Fujita, who bring extensive experience in investment strategy and corporate finance. SMBC Venture Capital's strong alignment with its parent company's resources and network allows it to provide substantial operational support and strategic guidance to its portfolio companies, facilitating their growth and success in both domestic and international markets.

SNR is a San Francisco-based venture capital firm that focuses on early-stage investments, particularly in companies operating within the information technology sector. Established to back innovative founders working in deep tech, SNR invests in transformative technologies like artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML). The firm has a clear emphasis on solving real-world problems with scalable solutions. SNR’s portfolio includes notable investments like Mesh, a Series A recipient, which raised $22 million with support from investors including Samsung NEXT and Galaxy Digital. The firm typically seeks out opportunities that can leverage AI and frontier technologies for significant industry disruptions. The firm’s mission revolves around amplifying the “signal” — the meaningful innovation — in a world crowded with background noise. By focusing on high-impact startups, SNR aims to drive the next wave of technological breakthroughs​.

Social Capital, founded in 2011 by Chamath Palihapitiya and Ted Maidenberg, is a venture capital firm based in Menlo Park, California. The firm focuses on investing in a wide range of sectors, including healthcare, financial services, education, and enterprise software, emphasizing companies that aim to solve significant societal problems through technology and innovation​. Over the years, Social Capital has made notable investments in companies such as Slack, Yammer, and Opendoor Technologies. The firm gained attention for its SPAC (Special Purpose Acquisition Company) strategy, which led to the successful public listing of companies like Opendoor​. Social Capital manages a substantial portfolio with 488 investments and 176 exits. The firm has a unique approach that combines traditional venture capital with a strong focus on social impact and systemic change. Chamath Palihapitiya, the CEO, continues to lead the firm, driving its mission to tackle complex global challenges through innovative solutions​.

Social Impact Capital, founded in 2016 by Sarah Cone and based in New York City, is an early-stage venture capital firm dedicated to addressing critical environmental and social challenges. The firm’s investment strategy, called "impact arbitrage," focuses on seed-stage companies, helping them scale and secure follow-on funding from top-tier VCs. This approach has led to a 100% follow-on financing rate for its portfolio companies. Notable investments include Prometheus Fuels, Andela, and OpenInvest, with the latter being acquired by JP Morgan. The portfolio spans various sectors such as clean tech, health, and social justice, featuring companies like Totus Medicines, Charm Industrial, Aether Diamonds, and Menten AI. Led by Sarah Cone, an experienced venture capitalist with a background in tech and nonprofits, Social Impact Capital also includes key members like Peter Bruce-Clark and Melody Donoso. The firm supports founders with innovative, scalable solutions, making it a significant player in impact investing, combining financial returns with positive societal impact.

Social Starts is a venture capital firm that uses a data-driven approach to identify and invest in early-stage companies. Founded in 2012, the firm has a focus on sectors such as health tech, digital brands, e-commerce, employment platforms, next-generation food, and education. Social Starts operates a series of funds, including the "Social Starts Health and Happiness" fund, which targets startups aiming to improve human health and well-being​. The firm's investment range typically falls between $50,000 and $1 million, with a sweet spot around $500,000. Social Starts is known for supporting companies from their inception through to Series A rounds, leveraging a robust network of advisors and industry experts to help portfolio companies grow​. With a presence in major innovation hubs like San Francisco, New York, Los Angeles, Tokyo, London, Austin, Boston, and Singapore, Social Starts has built a diverse portfolio. The firm is particularly noted for its ability to find and back high-potential startups in emerging segments by employing advanced analytics to guide its investment decisions​.

Sofinnova Partners is a leading European venture capital firm, established in 1972, that focuses on life sciences, healthcare, and sustainability. With offices in Paris, London, and Milan, the firm manages over €2.8 billion in assets and has backed more than 500 companies globally. Sofinnova Partners specializes in supporting companies across the full spectrum of life sciences, from seed-stage to later growth, with dedicated funds for biopharmaceuticals, medical devices, digital medicine, and industrial biotechnology. The firm is known for its hands-on approach, partnering with entrepreneurs to develop transformative technologies that address significant healthcare challenges. Notable investments include groundbreaking companies in gene therapy, precision medicine, and sustainability-focused biotech. Sofinnova’s portfolio includes innovations across sectors such as biopharma, medtech, and AI-powered digital health solutions. Sofinnova has a strong track record of creating market leaders, driven by its deep scientific expertise and commitment to long-term partnerships. Through strategies like Sofinnova Capital and Sofinnova Crossover, the firm supports companies from inception through IPOs or acquisition, playing a critical role in advancing innovations that improve lives globally.

Soma Capital, founded in 2015 by Aneel Ranadive, is a venture capital firm based in San Francisco, California. The firm focuses on early-stage investments in software and technology startups that aim to automate and improve various sectors. Soma Capital's approach is stage- and sector-agnostic, investing globally in regions such as Africa, the Middle East, South America, and Asia. Soma Capital has raised several funds, with its latest, Soma Capital Fund III, closing at $412 million in January 2022. This fund is used to support unicorn and startup software companies around the world. The firm has made significant investments in over 1,097 companies, including notable names like Cruise, Rappi, Ironclad, Human Interest, Razorpay, Rippling, and Lambda School. Soma Capital has seen 19 of its portfolio companies achieve unicorn status and has been involved in more than 140 exits. The firm’s leadership includes Founder and Managing Partner Aneel Ranadive, along with partners like Mir Faiyaz and Nikhita Jaaswal. Soma Capital's mission is to invest in transformative technology solutions that can impact billions of people globally​.

Sony Innovation Fund is the corporate venture capital arm of Sony Group, established in 2016. SIF invests in early-stage startups with a focus on transformational technologies that shape the future of business, entertainment, and society. The fund operates globally, with offices in the U.S., Japan, EU, Israel, and India, managing over $250 million in assets. SIF targets a wide range of sectors including entertainment, fintech, healthcare, IoT, mobility, deep tech, and sensor technologies. They support startups by providing not only capital but also access to Sony’s extensive technical expertise, global network, and R&D capabilities. This strategic support helps startups scale and innovate within their industries. The fund's portfolio includes companies like Arkose Labs, which focuses on AI/ML for trust and safety, and Truepic, which works on digital content authentication. SIF also places significant emphasis on Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) issues, integrating these considerations into their investment process to create long-term value. The leadership team features experienced professionals like Gen Tsuchikawa, Chairman of Sony Ventures Corporation, and Austin Noronha, Managing Director in the U.S., who drive the fund’s strategic vision and operations. SIF continues to explore and invest in innovative technologies that align with Sony’s mission of bringing creativity and promising innovations to a connected world.

Source Code Capital, founded in 2014 by Charlie Cao Yi, is one of China's leading venture capital firms with over $2.5 billion in assets under management. The firm focuses on driving the "New Economy" through its investments in technology, particularly companies that leverage internet technologies, AI, and globalization to innovate and disrupt traditional sectors. The firm has a broad investment scope, with significant activity in media, entertainment, fintech, consumer services, and enterprise solutions. Their notable portfolio companies include tech giants like ByteDance, Meituan Dianping, and RELX Technology, as well as newer unicorns such as Stori and Hai Robotics. Source Code Capital's investment strategy is anchored in its "Big 3 Fundamental Drivers": Internet+, AI+, and Global+. This strategy has enabled them to partner with over 150 high-growth companies, transforming industries from transportation to education, and healthcare. The firm is known for providing much more than capital; it has developed robust post-investment services to support its portfolio companies in areas such as human capital, public relations, and financial advisory, driving sustainable long-term growth. With offices in Beijing and a strong network of global institutional investors, Source Code Capital continues to scale its influence both in China and internationally, maintaining a disciplined yet innovative approach to venture investing. Their commitment to nurturing groundbreaking companies has earned them recognition as one of China’s top venture capital firms​.

Sozo Ventures, founded in 2012, is a cross-border venture capital firm based in Redwood City, California, with a strong focus on assisting U.S. technology startups in their global expansion, particularly into Asian markets. The firm primarily invests in sectors such as AI, enterprise software, fintech, healthcare IT, and IoT. Sozo Ventures typically enters during the Seed to Series C stages, helping innovative companies scale internationally. The firm is highly regarded for its hands-on approach, working closely with portfolio companies to introduce them to strategic partners, customers, and key market players in regions like Japan. Notable portfolio companies include Zoom, Palantir, Square, and Applied Intuition, showcasing Sozo's track record of backing category leaders. The firm is also recognized for its expertise in advanced data technologies and healthcare innovations, as seen in investments like Carbon Robotics and Metagenomi. Sozo Ventures' founder, Koichiro Nakamura, has earned a spot on the Forbes Midas List for his successful investments. With a team of industry veterans, Sozo's approach extends beyond capital to providing operational support, market insights, and strategic partnerships that help companies navigate global markets and achieve sustainable growth.

Space Capital is a New York-based venture capital firm specializing in early-stage investments within the space economy. Founded by Chad Anderson in 2012, the firm focuses on space technology stacks such as GPS, geospatial intelligence (GEOINT), and satellite communications (SatCom). These technologies serve as the backbone for industries across the globe, enabling innovations in sectors such as logistics, agriculture, and defense. The firm manages over $100 million in assets and operates with a deep understanding of the space sector. Their investment strategy emphasizes long-term potential, with a preference for startups that leverage space-based data and hardware to create transformative applications. Notable investments include companies like Made In Space and NanoRacks, which focus on space infrastructure and services. Space Capital is also known for its disciplined, thesis-driven approach to investing. The firm is actively involved in shaping the space ecosystem through its platforms like Space Angels, which connects investors with promising space startups, and Space Talent, a career platform designed to support the growing demand for skilled professionals in space and tech. By positioning itself as a leader in the space economy, Space Capital aims to capture the immense opportunities that will define the future of global industries​.

Space VC is a venture capital firm based in Austin, Texas, focused on investing in pre-seed frontier technology startups. Founded in 2021 by Jonathan Lacoste, the firm emphasizes the importance of technologies such as space tech, defense tech, AI, semiconductors, advanced manufacturing, and cybersecurity. Space VC aims to support companies that address urgent and significant challenges, contributing to national security, economic resilience, and global leadership. The firm typically invests between $500,000 and $1 million per company, partnering with founders at the earliest stages of their ventures. Space VC's portfolio includes companies like True Anomaly, Loft Orbital, and SpaceX, which are involved in sectors ranging from aerospace and defense to AI and industrial tech. Space VC’s strategy is to build a concentrated portfolio of world-class founders and focus on sectors with urgent market needs and near-term commercialization potential. They avoid deep R&D cycles, preferring startups with viable product roadmaps and existing customer demand​.

Spacecadet Ventures is a cutting-edge venture capital firm based in San Francisco, focusing on early-stage investments in groundbreaking industries such as artificial intelligence, biotechnology, and financial services. They have a diverse portfolio featuring companies like Eyebot, Cascade Biocatalysts, and Prophetic AI, showcasing their commitment to transformative technologies. Geographically, their investments are spread across North America and Europe. Spacecadet Ventures typically engages in seed to Series A rounds, with average check sizes around $3 million, often co-investing with prominent partners like Andreessen Horowitz and Village Global. Their strategy is anchored in leveraging marketing expertise to propel startups to success, aligning with their brand as "The Marketing VC." They are known for their hands-on approach, providing not just capital but also strategic guidance and industry connections. Key team members include Alexa Binns, a seasoned marketer with extensive experience in consumer tech and venture investments, supported by a team of industry veterans. Spacecadet Ventures prefers pitches that demonstrate innovative solutions with clear market potential and scalability. They are approachable and encourage startups to reach out through their website, emphasizing their openness to novel ideas and disruptive technologies. With a proactive investment style, they aim to be a catalyst for the next generation of industry leaders​.

SpaceFund is a Houston-based venture capital firm dedicated to investing in the rapidly expanding space industry. Founded in 2018 by Rick Tumlinson and Meagan Crawford, the firm focuses on identifying and supporting high-growth startups that are leading the "NewSpace" revolution. SpaceFund is committed to fostering innovations that will enable and benefit from humanity's increasing presence in space. The firm's investment strategy is built around its deep industry knowledge and a commitment to rigorous due diligence. SpaceFund targets companies that are involved in various aspects of the space ecosystem, including space transportation, satellite servicing, in-space manufacturing, and AI applications for space. They have a strong emphasis on companies that align with their vision of expanding human activity beyond Earth. Notably, SpaceFund avoids investing in conventional aerospace and prefers opportunities that offer groundbreaking advancements in space technology. SpaceFund has launched several funds, including the BlastOff Fund, which has attracted high-profile investors like Jed McCaleb. This fund is designed to capitalize on the growing momentum in the space industry by supporting startups with significant potential for growth and impact. The SpaceFund team is composed of seasoned experts from both the space and financial sectors, providing a unique blend of technical and business expertise. This enables them to guide their portfolio companies through the complex challenges of the space industry, from early development to successful exits.

Spectre Holdings is a venture capital firm that focuses on investing in high-potential technology companies, particularly in deep tech sectors like AI, robotics, the metaverse, space, and other national security technologies. Based in Irvine, California, Spectre Holdings primarily targets seed to pre-IPO stage companies, aiming to support innovations that have significant strategic and economic impacts. Although Spectre's investment activity is relatively limited, they have made around 10 investments, including notable deals like a $20 million seed investment in Gravitics, a space infrastructure company. They typically co-invest with other venture capital firms and have a portfolio that spans industries such as biotechnology, big data, cybersecurity, and more. Spectre Holdings is part of the Ishaq family's investment strategy, which is reflected in their selective and focused investment approach. Despite being somewhat under the radar, their involvement in critical tech sectors underscores their ambition to back transformative and strategic technologies. Spectre's approach is often collaborative, working alongside other firms to maximize the potential of their portfolio companies, as seen in their co-investment deals​.