Food & Beverage VC Funds

Heritas Capital is a Singapore-based private equity and venture capital firm that focuses on high-growth sectors such as healthcare, education, and technology. Established in 1997, the firm has evolved into a key player in impact investing, driven by its philosophy of “Invest with Purpose, Impact Across Generations.” The firm manages a diverse portfolio of investments, backing companies that aim to create positive social and environmental change while delivering sustainable financial returns. Heritas Capital actively supports ventures across Asia through a multi-stage investment platform, targeting seed to growth stages. It has been involved in significant funding rounds for companies like Holmusk, Hummingbird Bioscience, and Cakap, addressing needs in areas such as digital health, biotech, and edtech. The firm also partners with organizations like SEEDS Capital to co-invest in promising startups, helping scale impact-focused innovations. Heritas Capital’s approach includes a strong commitment to improving access to healthcare and lifelong learning while leveraging technology to drive efficiencies in industries like foodtech and urban solutions. By aligning with partners who share their vision, Heritas ensures that their investments have a long-lasting, generational impact.

HG Ventures, the corporate venture capital arm of The Heritage Group, focuses on innovative solutions in industrial, infrastructure, and environmental sectors. Since its inception in 2018, HG Ventures has invested in transformative technologies and business models, supporting early to growth-stage companies. Notable portfolio companies include ClearFlame Engines, Valerann, and Aclarity, which work on advanced engine technology, smart road infrastructure, and PFAS destruction, respectively. Headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana, HG Ventures has a global investment reach. Their strategy is deeply integrated with The Heritage Group’s industrial and environmental expertise, allowing them to offer both capital and substantial industry knowledge. HG Ventures actively leads funding rounds, often working closely with entrepreneurs to scale and commercialize technologies. The fund's average check size varies depending on the stage, typically investing substantial amounts to support scaling ventures. The team, led by co-founders John Glushik and Kip Frey, brings extensive experience in venture capital and industrial operations. Entrepreneurs can approach HG Ventures with a strong alignment to their sectors, particularly if they have a scalable solution that fits within HG’s strategic domains. HG Ventures stands out by providing not just financial support but also leveraging their network and technical expertise to help startups navigate growth challenges and market entry​

High Alpha is a venture capital firm and venture studio based in Indianapolis, Indiana, founded in 2015 by Scott Dorsey, Eric Tobias, Kristian Andersen, and Mike Fitzgerald. The firm specializes in creating and funding B2B SaaS companies, partnering closely with founders to build and scale their businesses. High Alpha operates through two main components: the venture studio and High Alpha Capital. The venture studio co-founds and launches new software companies, having started over 40 companies since its inception. Notable companies include Lessonly, SalesLoft, and Attentive. High Alpha Capital, on the other hand, manages funds that invest in early-stage enterprise software companies across North America. Their investments range from pre-seed to Series A rounds, and they have raised over $215 million across multiple funds, including a recent $125 million fund. High Alpha emphasizes building strong relationships with founders, providing not only capital but also strategic guidance and operational support. They focus on various sectors such as healthcare, sales enablement, supply chain, and agtech software. The firm is committed to transforming ideas into successful businesses by leveraging their extensive network, resources, and expertise.

High Street Equity Partners is a venture capital firm focused on investing in seed-stage technology companies led by diverse founders. With a commitment to closing the equity gap in venture capital, High Street Equity targets high-growth startups across sectors like health tech, clean tech, and the future of work. They aim to leverage their financial, operational, and policy expertise to help founders scale their companies and reach their full potential. The firm sees tremendous opportunity in sectors like remote work, automation, and healthcare. For instance, the firm believes that remote work and employee wellness solutions are becoming more vital, especially as flexible work arrangements and automation reshape the workforce. They also focus on upskilling and reskilling technologies, supporting companies that help workers adapt to the changing job market​. High Street's leadership team is dedicated to fostering innovation and ensuring that underrepresented founders have the resources and mentorship needed to succeed in the rapidly evolving tech landscape. Based in Washington, D.C., with an office in Little Rock, AR, the firm is uniquely positioned to capitalize on emerging markets and trends, providing strategic support from early funding through to scale.

Hellman & Friedman (H&F) is a prominent private equity firm with a long history of making large-scale investments in high-quality growth businesses. Founded in 1984, the firm is headquartered in San Francisco, with additional offices in New York and London. H&F focuses on a concentrated investment strategy, deploying significant capital in a limited number of sectors where it has deep expertise, such as software and technology, financial services, healthcare, consumer and retail, and other business services​. The firm recently closed its tenth fund, Hellman & Friedman Capital Partners X (HFCP X), with commitments totaling $24.4 billion, making it one of the largest private equity funds ever raised. This fund will enable H&F to continue its strategy of targeting large-scale investments in outstanding growth businesses, primarily in North America and Europe. H&F is known for its collaborative approach, working closely with management teams to develop and implement value creation plans tailored to each company's specific needs. The firm prides itself on its long-term investment horizon and alignment of interests with its portfolio companies, fostering a culture of mutual success.

Hike Ventures is a venture capital fund specializing in artificial intelligence and machine learning. Founded by seasoned professionals in San Francisco, Tokyo, and Toronto, Hike Ventures focuses on early-stage investments in startups that leverage AI to solve well-defined problems in innovative ways. Their notable investments include companies like Beatdapp, Botpress, CalmWave, and Greeneye, which are driving advancements in sectors ranging from media and entertainment to healthcare and agriculture. The fund primarily invests in North America and Japan, supporting startups that bring transformative AI solutions to market. Their strategy involves not just capital investment but also providing strategic support to help startups scale effectively. Hike Ventures typically invests in seed-stage rounds, offering checks that allow startups to accelerate their growth while benefiting from the fund's deep expertise in AI and machine learning. Key team members include Mikihiro Yasuda, based in San Francisco, who has a robust background in tech leadership and venture investment, and Taka Shoji, based in Tokyo, who has extensive experience in startup incubation and international investment. Both partners bring a wealth of experience from their previous roles in companies like Digital Garage, Netscape, and Baidu Japan. Hike Ventures is proactive in its engagement with startups, often leading rounds and providing hands-on guidance. They value approaches that combine algorithmic innovation with human insight, seeking out startups that can navigate complex AI challenges with practical, scalable solutions.

Hillhouse Investment Group is a leading global investment firm, founded in 2005 by Zhang Lei. Based in Hong Kong with additional offices in Beijing, Hillhouse focuses on long-term investments across public and private markets. The firm’s strategy revolves around building sustainable, high-quality businesses, with particular emphasis on healthcare, consumer, industrials, and technology sectors. Initially starting with a $20 million investment from Yale University's endowment fund, Hillhouse has grown into a financial giant managing over $60 billion in assets. Known for its rigorous research and hands-on approach, the firm partners with management teams to drive innovation and growth in its portfolio companies. Notable investments include major players like Tencent, Zoom, and JD.com. Hillhouse is also active in private equity and venture capital, making significant contributions to early and growth-stage companies across Asia, North America, and Europe. Its venture arm, GL Ventures, supports early-stage technology and healthcare startups. The firm is recognized for its ability to anticipate market trends and build long-term value in companies that can withstand evolving economic landscapes. With a reputation for aligning closely with management teams and maintaining a disciplined investment strategy, Hillhouse continues to be a powerful force in global markets.

The Hina Group, established in 2003, is a leading Chinese investment firm with a strong presence in Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, and San Francisco. They focus on venture capital and private equity, targeting high-tech, enterprise services, and healthcare sectors. Notable investments include Ubox, a leading vending machine company, and Arrail Dental, a prominent dental service provider in China. Hina Group’s strategy emphasizes early to mid-stage investments, typically in Series A and B rounds, with a focus on technology-driven companies in AI, IoT, 5G, and smart manufacturing. Their approach is research-driven, leveraging deep industry expertise and a robust network to add value post-investment, aiding portfolio companies in scaling and achieving successful exits. The team, led by founder and CEO Hong Chen, comprises seasoned professionals with extensive backgrounds in technology and finance. Key members include Lynn Liu and Leon Wang, who bring decades of experience and strategic insight to the firm. Hina Group prefers to be approached through industry connections and values strong entrepreneurial spirit and execution ability in potential investments. With a history of successful exits and a reputation for high-touch service, Hina Group continues to drive innovation and growth across its focus industries​.

Hiventures, a Hungarian state-owned venture capital fund, is renowned for its extensive portfolio and dynamic investment strategy. With a focus on supporting startups from pre-seed to growth stages, Hiventures has made over 770 investments across various sectors, including software services, cloud computing, and cybersecurity. Notable investments include Access4you, iBar Experience, and Surviot Monitoring, showcasing their commitment to innovation in diverse industries. Geographically, Hiventures primarily invests within Hungary, emphasizing the growth of the local entrepreneurial ecosystem. Their strategy involves flexible investment conditions and a quick adaptation to the needs of startups, making them a preferred partner for early-stage ventures. Hiventures typically invests around $983,000 per round, actively leading many of these investments. They maintain a high engagement level, with an average of 30.96 rounds per year, peaking in 2021. The fund's team, including key figures like CEO Eszter Jandrasics and Senior Investment Manager Ádám Horváth, brings deep expertise in venture capital and business development. For startups looking to approach Hiventures, it's beneficial to highlight innovative solutions and scalability. They prefer well-prepared pitches that align with their focus on fostering technological advancements and economic growth in Hungary.

HLM Venture Partners is a leading venture capital firm focused exclusively on healthcare technology and services. Based in Waltham, Massachusetts, the firm has been at the forefront of healthcare investment for over 40 years, deploying more than $400 million across 100+ companies. HLM targets companies that are capital-efficient and patient-centric, helping them scale by offering not just financial support, but strategic guidance and deep industry expertise. The firm focuses on key healthcare sectors like healthcare IT, value-based care, medical devices, and patient engagement. HLM is particularly interested in companies addressing critical issues like expanding access to care, behavioral health innovations, and solutions for provider shortages. Notable investments include Teladoc, a pioneer in telemedicine, NeuroFlow, which leverages AI for mental health support, and mPulse Mobile, a leader in mobile patient engagement solutions​. HLM prides itself on being a first-call partner for its portfolio companies, providing hands-on support to help them navigate complex regulatory landscapes and reach their growth potential. Their extensive healthcare network gives their startups unrivaled access to key decision-makers across the care continuum. Over the years, HLM has created significant value for both its portfolio companies and investors, facilitating the growth of several iconic healthcare brands. By aligning themselves with bold, principled management teams, HLM continues to drive transformative healthcare solutions that improve both quality and cost of car.

HOF Capital is a global venture capital firm headquartered in New York, focused on investing in transformative technology companies from idea to IPO. With support from over 70 influential family offices, global corporations, and institutions, HOF provides startups with more than just capital—they offer strategic partnerships that open doors to new markets, customer bases, and operational growth. Their portfolio features industry-leading companies such as Alibaba, Epic Games, UiPath, and ASAPP. HOF Capital specializes in sectors like fintech, deep tech, healthcare, and logistics, making investments from pre-seed to late-stage rounds. The firm’s approach emphasizes long-term value creation, guiding entrepreneurs through various growth stages with business development, sales, and fundraising support. With offices in New York, London, and San Francisco, and a team of investors spread across key global regions, HOF operates as a bridge between startups and large-scale enterprises. Co-founded by Hisham Elhaddad, Onsi Sawiris, and Fady Yacoub, HOF leverages its vast network of partners, including industry giants like Visa, Nvidia, and Daimler, to provide startups with critical resources and strategic advice. Their multi-stage investment strategy, combined with deep industry knowledge and a vast network, helps startups scale quickly while navigating complex challenges in highly competitive environments.

Horizons Ventures, established in 1999 and headquartered in Hong Kong, is a prominent venture capital firm that focuses on disruptive technology investments. The firm, backed by billionaire Li Ka-shing, has an impressive portfolio that includes companies across various sectors such as AI, biotechnology, fintech, and consumer technology. Notable investments include Zoom, Slack, and Spotify. Horizons Ventures also invested early in DeepMind, which was later acquired by Google, and plant-based meat company Impossible Foods​​. The firm's strategy involves supporting innovative technologies that can drive significant societal impact, from healthcare advancements to environmental sustainability. Horizons Ventures typically invests in early-stage companies but also participates in later-stage rounds. Their approach is to provide not just capital, but also strategic guidance and access to a vast network, helping portfolio companies scale effectively. With over 200 companies in its portfolio and 16 unicorns, Horizons Ventures has a proven track record of identifying and nurturing high-potential startups. The firm operates globally, with significant investments in the U.S., Europe, and Asia, reflecting its international reach and influence​. For startups seeking investment from Horizons Ventures, it is crucial to demonstrate breakthrough technology and substantial growth potential. Engaging with Horizons Ventures can provide access to a robust support system, from strategic advice to market expansion opportunities.

Hoxton Ventures is a London-based early-stage venture capital firm known for backing some of Europe’s most successful startups, including Deliveroo, Babylon Health, and Darktrace. Founded in 2013, Hoxton focuses on investing in disruptive technology companies with the potential to become global leaders in their sectors. The firm primarily targets startups at the pre-seed and seed stages, helping them scale with both financial support and strategic guidance. Hoxton Ventures has a strong track record of identifying innovative companies across diverse industries such as fintech, healthcare, AI, and enterprise software. Their portfolio includes notable investments that have either gone public or reached unicorn status. The firm operates as a partner-only team, ensuring that founders receive direct attention and mentorship from experienced investors who have backgrounds in building and scaling companies themselves. With a proactive approach, Hoxton leverages deep industry expertise and a global network to support the growth of its portfolio companies. The firm typically invests above €3 million and provides operational support to help startups navigate their early stages, positioning them for long-term success in the competitive European startup ecosystem.

Human Capital is a unique venture capital firm based in San Francisco that combines traditional VC investing with a strong focus on talent acquisition and organizational development. Founded by Armaan Ali and Chris Zhang, the firm has a multi-stage investment strategy that spans from seed to growth stages, with a mission to support ambitious founders in building transformative companies. Human Capital has a diverse portfolio, investing in high-potential startups across various sectors, including technology, healthcare, and fintech. Some notable investments include Snowflake, Brex, Livongo, Anduril, and Applied Intuition. The firm emphasizes partnering with founders to build strong teams and scalable businesses, leveraging its extensive network and expertise in recruitment to help companies grow from inception to maturity​/ The firm's approach involves not just capital investment but also providing hands-on support in talent management. They assist portfolio companies in attracting, hiring, and retaining top talent, ensuring that the startups have the human capital necessary to succeed in highly competitive markets​.

Human Ventures is an early-stage venture fund and startup studio based in New York City. They focus on investing in companies that address fundamental human needs across various sectors, such as health and wellness, the future of work and money, and media and attention. Founded on the principle of "human first," Human Ventures supports founders who are passionate about creating products and services that have a meaningful impact on society. The firm is led by a diverse team of experienced professionals, including General Partner and CEO Heather Hartnett, Executive Chairman Joe Marchese, and General Partner and COO Michael Letta. They emphasize values such as growth, resilience, collaboration, and gratitude, which guide their approach to building and supporting companies. Human Ventures' portfolio includes innovative companies like Headspace, an app for meditation and sleep; Paloma Health, an online medical practice for hypothyroidism; and Tiny Organics, a nutrition company for early childhood. The firm also operates "Humans in the Wild," a program that fosters a community of entrepreneurs and provides resources to help them grow and succeed.

Humboldt Fund, founded in 2020 and based in New York, is a venture capital firm focused on investing in the biotech revolution. The fund specializes in early-stage investments in synthetic biology, targeting industries that are transforming the way chemicals, materials, foods, and medicines are made. Humboldt’s mission is to back pioneers in engineering, physical sciences, and life sciences, supporting groundbreaking technologies with the potential to disrupt global markets and solve critical challenges. Key areas of investment include foodtech, healthcare, energy, and advanced materials, with a strong emphasis on synthetic biology and bio-manufacturing. Notable portfolio companies include Metagenomi, Debut Biotech, and Finless Foods, all of which are at the forefront of biotechnological innovation. Humboldt aims to create both economic value and global impact by fostering these revolutionary technologies. Humboldt primarily invests in pre-seed, seed, and Series A stages, with a typical check size ranging from $4M to $36M. The fund is known for supporting companies that contribute to sustainability and technological advancements. By identifying and nurturing trailblazing companies, Humboldt Fund helps bring emerging biotech enterprises to global markets, positioning itself as a key player in the future of biotechnological innovation.

Hummingbird VC, founded in 2010 and based in Antwerp, Belgium, is an early-stage venture capital firm that invests globally, backing founders with groundbreaking ideas. The firm has a strong portfolio with notable investments in companies like Deliveroo, Kraken, and Peak Games. Hummingbird VC focuses on a wide array of industries including fintech, biotech, deep tech, healthcare, and marketplaces, with investments across North America, EMEA, and APAC regions. Hummingbird's investment strategy centers on partnering early with outlier founders and providing unwavering support through the company's lifecycle. They are known for their high conviction and willingness to make substantial investments, often leading funding rounds with check sizes ranging from $500K to over $50M. They prefer a low-friction partnership approach, allowing entrepreneurs to dictate the level of involvement and support needed. Key figures in the team include Barend Van den Brande, the founder, who is based in Belgium, and other partners spread across their international offices. Hummingbird is noted for its patient capital and long-term support, especially during challenging times for startups. They emphasize radical candor and dedication to the founders they back, aiming to foster transformative growth and industry disruption.

Huron River Ventures, founded in 2010 and based in Ann Arbor, Michigan, focuses on early-stage investments in agriculture, energy, and manufacturing technology. They primarily invest in the Midwest, supporting startups that offer innovative and sustainable solutions within these sectors. The firm typically invests $1-5 million per company across seed, Series A, and Series B stages. Notable investments include companies like Postmates, SkySpecs, and FarmLogs. Huron River Ventures has a strong track record, having made 50 investments and achieved 16 successful exits. The leadership team, including co-founders Ryan Waddington and Tim Streit, brings extensive experience in technology investments. The firm emphasizes supporting entrepreneurs with both capital and strategic guidance, leveraging their industry knowledge and networks to help startups grow and succeed.

Hustle Fund is a venture capital firm that invests in pre-seed software startups across the U.S., Canada, and Southeast Asia. Founded in 2017, Hustle Fund is known for its focus on entrepreneurs who demonstrate speed, execution, and grit. The firm’s mission is to democratize wealth through startups by catalyzing capital, knowledge, and networks globally. Their portfolio includes notable companies like HoneyBook, The Pill Club, Nova Credit, and Berbix. Hustle Fund typically invests in sectors such as fintech, digital health, web3, B2B software, and more, with a preference for startups at the pre-seed and seed stages. Hustle Fund's general partners, Eric Bahn, Elizabeth Yin, and Shiyan Koh, bring extensive experience as founders and operators, providing deep insights and support to their portfolio companies. They manage investments through an active, hands-on approach, offering rapid funding decisions and valuable mentorship to help startups scale effectively. The firm is also known for its Angel Squad, a community of over 1500 angel investors who invest alongside Hustle Fund and receive education on venture investing. This initiative is part of their broader effort to create an inclusive and supportive investment environment. For startups looking to engage with Hustle Fund, demonstrating strong execution capabilities and a clear path to market fit is crucial. Founders can benefit from their extensive network and practical advice on growth strategies.

HV Capital, formerly known as Holtzbrinck Ventures, is one of Europe’s most prominent venture capital firms, founded in 2000. With over €2.8 billion in assets under management, HV Capital has backed more than 225 startups, including major European success stories like Zalando, HelloFresh, SumUp, and Flixbus. The firm is known for its long-term commitment to founders, often supporting companies from seed stages through to growth and even exit phases. HV Capital recently launched its largest fund, Fund IX, at €710 million, aimed at startups across various stages from seed to Series D. The fund focuses on industries such as B2B software, consumer tech, healthcare, AI, and logistics. It also emphasizes sustainability, with a portion of the fund allocated to ESG-compliant companies and targets for female leadership across its portfolio. The firm’s investment approach combines financial backing with operational support, fostering an ecosystem where companies can thrive across Europe. HV Capital's team, based in Munich and Berlin, works closely with founders to help scale their businesses internationally.

Hyde Park Venture Partners, founded in 2011 and based in Chicago, is an early-stage venture capital firm focused on high-growth technology startups across the Midwest and Toronto. The firm has made notable investments in companies like ShipBob, FourKites, G2, and LogicGate. Their industry focus includes software as a service (SaaS), marketplace, and tech-enabled services. Hyde Park Venture Partners targets startups with exceptional founding teams and fast-growth potential, typically looking to lead or co-lead seed and Series A rounds. They are known for being highly engaged, providing strategic guidance and leveraging their extensive network to support portfolio companies. Key team members include Ira Weiss (Founder and Partner), Greg Barnes (Managing Partner), and Allison Lechnir (Partner). The firm recently raised $98 million for its fourth fund, reflecting strong support from institutional investors like the Illinois Growth and Innovation Fund and the RK Mellon Foundation.

Hyper.com is a venture capital firm with a unique approach to nurturing early-stage startups. The firm operates through an innovative program known as "seasons," which are four-week intensive cohorts designed to accelerate the growth of promising startups. Each season brings together founders with a group of successful unicorn founders who serve as mentors. These mentors, who have scaled companies to billion-dollar valuations, offer hands-on guidance in critical areas such as product development, growth strategies, and team building. Hyper was founded with the idea that direct mentorship from experienced entrepreneurs can provide early-stage startups with the insights and strategies they need to overcome the typical challenges of scaling a business. This approach not only offers startups the opportunity to learn from those who have successfully navigated similar paths but also helps them avoid common pitfalls. The firm is selective, focusing on startups that show strong potential for growth and innovation. By providing access to a network of seasoned founders, Hyper creates an environment where startups can rapidly iterate on their ideas, refine their strategies, and build a solid foundation for future success. Some of the notable mentors involved in Hyper’s programs include industry leaders such as Jenny Fleiss, co-founder of Rent the Runway, and Shishir Mehrotra, co-founder of Coda, among others. These mentors bring a wealth of experience and knowledge, making Hyper’s program one of the most sought-after for startups looking to scale quickly and effectively.

Hyperplane Venture Capital, founded in 2014 and based in Boston, Massachusetts, focuses on early-stage investments in technology sectors like machine intelligence, AI, distributed systems, automation, cloud computing, and robotics. The firm has a robust portfolio of 112 investments, supporting innovative startups that leverage advanced technologies to solve complex problems. Notable investments include Modulate, Butlr, Flexpa, and LinkSquares. These companies span diverse industries, from AI and machine learning to health tech and enterprise software. Hyperplane has a strong track record with several successful exits, including Aryeo and RoadBotics, and continues to invest in cutting-edge technologies​. The team at Hyperplane includes experienced professionals like Brendan Kohler, John Murphy, and Vivjan Myrto, who bring a wealth of expertise in technology and venture capital. They provide strategic guidance and mentorship to their portfolio companies, helping them navigate growth challenges and scale effectively. Hyperplane's investments are primarily concentrated in the United States, but they also have a presence in other countries, including Canada and the United Kingdom. Their approach involves close collaboration with founders, aiming to drive innovation and create significant market impact through their strategic investments.

Hyphen Capital is a venture capital fund focused on supporting Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) founders. Based in San Francisco, Hyphen Capital actively invests across various stages, with a significant presence in seed and early-stage funding rounds. The fund emphasizes sectors like fintech, enterprise applications, healthcare, and consumer products. Notable investments include Persona, an identity verification solutions provider valued at $1.5 billion, and Prime Roots, a producer of alternative protein products. Other key investments include Super, an online travel booking platform, and Poised, an AI-enabled communication assistant. Hyphen Capital's investment strategy centers on leveraging its strong network of AAPI entrepreneurs and executives, including prominent figures like Kevin Chou (Kabam), Ellen Chen (Mendocino Farms), and Patrick Lee (Rotten Tomatoes). The fund aims to back founders who are poised to disrupt their industries with innovative solutions and significant growth potential. Hyphen Capital tends to lead investment rounds, with typical check sizes ranging from $100,000 to $4.5 million. They prefer startups to approach them with a clear, scalable business model and a strong founding team. The fund has made 38 investments to date, with 3 successful exits. Led by Dave Lu, a well-respected figure in Silicon Valley, Hyphen Capital provides not just capital but also strategic guidance and access to a vast network of industry leaders, making it an invaluable partner for startups looking to scale rapidly. Hyphen Capital's approach is holistic, emphasizing long-term relationships and community support, reflecting their mission to empower the next generation of AAPI founders to achieve extraordinary success.

I2BF Global Ventures, established in 2005, is a venture capital firm focused on early-stage technology investments across various sectors such as clean technology, biotech, IT, and space technology. The firm operates globally, with investments in the United States, Europe, Israel, and other regions. I2BF manages over $400 million in assets and has backed more than 200 entrepreneurs, creating substantial value and numerous high-tech jobs. Their diverse portfolio includes companies like FuboTV, which went public on the NYSE in 2020; General Fusion, a developer of fusion energy technology; and ServiceTitan, a business management software provider for home service companies. Other notable investments include Inbox Health, Odeko, and Peek. I2BF Global Ventures has also seen several successful exits, such as the acquisition of Fieldbit by Help Lightning and the IPO of Presto on NASDAQ. They have a strong focus on identifying and supporting disruptive innovations that bridge the gap between the physical and digital worlds.

Ibex Investors, established in 2003 and headquartered in Denver, Colorado, is a venture capital firm that invests across various stages of a company's lifecycle, from seed to IPO and beyond. The firm focuses on geographic regions, particularly Israel, and thematic areas such as mobility. Ibex has made notable investments in companies like WEKA, Honeycomb Insurance, and Chemix, demonstrating a strong presence in sectors like IT consulting, property and casualty insurance, and business productivity software. The firm has completed 82 investments and achieved 22 exits, including prominent companies like Cynet, Cobwebs Technologies, and Zimperium. Led by founder and CEO Justin Borus, Ibex Investors aims to provide a world-class experience and value-added support to its portfolio companies, emphasizing a proactive search for overlooked market opportunities. The team includes key partners such as Aaron Rinberg and Gal Gitter, who focus on Israeli investments, highlighting the firm’s strong ties to the Israeli tech ecosystem.

ICONIQ Capital, a multifaceted investment management firm headquartered in San Francisco, manages over $80 billion in assets. The firm is known for serving influential families and organizations, particularly those in technology, high finance, and entertainment sectors. ICONIQ has a robust portfolio featuring investments in prominent tech companies. Notable portfolio companies include Airbnb, Alibaba, Facebook, Snowflake, and Uber. They also have significant stakes in innovative firms like OpenAI, HashiCorp, and Miro, showcasing their focus on transformative technologies and scalable business models. Their investment strategy involves partnering with inspired entrepreneurs to drive industry transformation. ICONIQ Capital provides not only financial support but also strategic guidance, leveraging their extensive network to foster growth and innovation. The firm operates globally with offices in New York, London, and Hong Kong, offering a comprehensive range of services including private equity, venture capital, real estate, and philanthropic advisory. ICONIQ's team comprises experienced professionals like Divesh Makan, one of the founders, who bring deep expertise and a hands-on approach to managing investments and advising clients.

Icos Capital is a Dutch venture capital firm specializing in ClimateTech investments, focusing on sectors such as food systems, decarbonization, sustainable chemicals, and materials. Since its founding in 2005, Icos Capital has been committed to supporting early-growth stage companies that drive sustainability and industrial decarbonization. The firm is known for its Collaborative Venturing Platform (CVP), which connects startups with leading corporations, providing not only capital but also engineering expertise, market access, and production infrastructure. With a goal to reduce or avoid 1 gigaton of CO2 emissions by 2050, Icos Capital takes a hands-on approach to investing, helping innovative startups scale quickly while ensuring measurable environmental impact. Some of its successful portfolio companies include Carbon Clean, eAgronom, and Holiferm, each making strides in carbon capture, regenerative agriculture, and sustainable product developmen. Icos Capital continues to manage multiple funds, the latest being Icos IV, with a targeted size of €100 million, designed to accelerate sustainability across industries. The firm primarily focuses on European companies but also supports those in the U.S. and Asia with strong ties to the European market.

IDC Ventures, founded in 2019 and headquartered in Copenhagen, is a venture capital firm that focuses on investing in early to growth-stage companies across fintech, marketplaces, and digital platforms. With a mission to support founders driving digital innovation, IDC Ventures backs companies that are creating generational shifts in industries such as financial services and technology. Their portfolio includes companies like Curve, GoTrendier, and NovoPayment, reflecting their focus on fintech and software solutions. The firm is known for its thesis-driven investment strategy, where it identifies key sectors experiencing behavioral shifts and concentrates its investments to scale these businesses. IDC Ventures typically leads investment rounds, taking an active role in governance and business development to ensure portfolio companies thrive. They also emphasize creating co-investment opportunities and building a valuable network of investors and entrepreneurs across Europe, the US, and Latin America. IDC Ventures’ collaborative approach, combined with its strong ties to over 100 family offices, positions it as a key player in helping startups achieve substantial growth.

IDIA Capital Investissement is a venture capital and private equity firm based in Montrouge, France. It operates as the investment arm of the Crédit Agricole Group, focusing on minority equity investments to support the growth and development of mid-sized companies (ETIs) and small to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Established over 30 years ago, IDIA specializes in sectors such as agribusiness, viticulture, healthcare, tourism, and energy transition​. The firm manages a substantial portfolio with assets under management totaling €2.2 billion. They typically invest between €1 million and €50 million per transaction, leveraging the extensive Crédit Agricole network to provide strategic and financial support to their portfolio companies. IDIA Capital Investissement is committed to responsible investing, emphasizing environmental, social, and governance (ESG) criteria in their decision-making process. This approach aligns with Crédit Agricole's broader mission of promoting sustainable finance and supporting projects that address key societal and environmental challenges​.

Imaginary Ventures, co-founded by Natalie Massenet and Nick Brown in 2017, is a venture capital firm that focuses on investing in iconic, generationally defining consumer brands and the technology businesses that support them. The firm primarily targets early-stage investments but also participates in late-stage opportunities when they align with their expertise and network. Their portfolio includes well-known companies such as Glossier, Skims, and Daily Harvest, which have become leaders in their respective markets. Other notable investments include Farfetch, Everlane, and Kosas. Imaginary Ventures is known for backing brands that innovate within retail, health, wellness, beauty, and consumer packaged goods sectors. Imaginary Ventures has raised significant funds, with their third fund reaching $500 million, bringing their total assets under management to over $1 billion. This capital allows them to support both early and late-stage companies, ensuring they have the resources to scale effectively. The firm leverages its deep industry knowledge and extensive network to help its portfolio companies navigate the challenges of the modern consumer landscape, particularly in a digital-first world where direct-to-consumer models are increasingly prevalent.

IMO Ventures is a venture capital firm focusing on early-stage investments in technology, media, telecommunications (TMT), fintech, consumer, and healthcare industries. The firm is driven by a mission to support entrepreneurship and innovation, leveraging the extensive experience of its partners who were former tech entrepreneurs and industry leaders. The team at IMO Ventures includes Hai Liu, who has a background in electronic engineering and an MBA from MIT Sloan. He has previously worked with GSR Ventures and Samsung Mobile, bringing significant expertise to the firm​. IMO Ventures invests in startups that harness the power of computing and technology to drive change. They believe in supporting entrepreneurs from the ground up, providing not only financial backing but also strategic guidance and industry connections​. Their portfolio features a diverse range of companies, showcasing their commitment to fostering innovation across multiple sectors.

Impact Engine is a Chicago-based venture capital and private equity firm dedicated to driving positive social and environmental impact. Founded in 2012, the firm invests in companies and funds that focus on economic opportunity, environmental sustainability, and health equity. Impact Engine has a diverse portfolio, including investments in Elvie, a health tech company for women; Footprint, which develops sustainable packaging solutions; and Full Harvest, a marketplace for surplus and imperfect produce to reduce food waste​. Impact Engine's investment strategy involves rigorous due diligence and a commitment to supporting mission-aligned entrepreneurs from early-stage ventures to growth and buyout phases. The firm has raised multiple funds, including an $85 million private equity fund focused on impact investments. Notable portfolio companies also include Jetty, a fintech company making home renting more affordable, and Circuit, providing short-distance EV transportation solutions. Led by CEO Jessica Droste Yagan, Impact Engine emphasizes a collaborative approach, leveraging its deep industry knowledge and extensive network to scale impactful innovations. The firm has been recognized as a top impact investing company, highlighting its success in generating both financial returns and measurable positive outcomes.

Impact Science Ventures is a venture capital firm based in San Francisco, California, focused on investing in scientific and technological innovations that address significant challenges in critical impact sectors, such as renewable energy, sustainability, and advanced materials. Founded in 2021, the firm emphasizes supporting early-stage companies that leverage breakthrough scientific research to create transformative solutions. The firm has a diverse portfolio, with investments spanning industries like alternative energy, energy infrastructure, and environmental services. Some of the notable companies in their portfolio include Antora Energy, known for its work in decarbonizing heavy industries, and Fervo Energy, which is pioneering next-generation geothermal energy solutions. Impact Science Ventures aims to be more than just a financial backer; they provide strategic support and resources to help these companies succeed commercially. Impact Science Ventures manages several funds, including their flagship Fund I, which is dedicated to early-stage investments. The firm is led by experienced professionals like Alain Harrus and Robert Ethier, who bring a wealth of knowledge in both venture capital and scientific research to their roles.

Impact Venture Capital specializes in early-stage investments in cutting-edge technologies, particularly in AI, enterprise software, and digital transformation tools. Notable portfolio companies include Cornami, which focuses on quantum encryption, and Pondera Solutions, acquired by Thomson Reuters. They also led rounds for startups like TaskHuman and Adroit Worldwide, both pivotal in the tech ecosystem. Geographically, Impact VC is centered in Northern California, with a strong focus on U.S.-based startups, although they maintain global connections through their corporate partnerships. Their strategy revolves around leveraging their extensive corporate venture network to foster relationships between startups and Fortune 500 companies, offering more than just capital. They look for scalable, tech-driven solutions that align with the needs of large enterprises, often leading investment rounds. Typically, Impact VC’s check sizes range from $500K to $5M, and they actively co-invest alongside corporate venture capitalists. They are open to cold outreach but emphasize the importance of strong, well-prepared pitches that highlight clear paths to market impact. Key team members include Jack Crawford and Eric Ball, both with deep expertise in venture investments and corporate partnerships. Impact Venture Capital actively builds its deal flow through a combination of strong ties to corporate venture arms and engagement with the Northern California startup community, making them a go-to partner for high-tech, scalable innovations.

Impact Venture is a London-based family office with a strong focus on early-stage investments that drive positive social and environmental impact. Their portfolio includes groundbreaking companies like Mango Materials, which produces biodegradable plastics, and Cadence Health, a U.S.-based firm revolutionizing access to over-the-counter birth control. Impact Venture backs startups in sectors like health, sustainability, and tech-driven solutions, including vertical farming and synthetic biology. Geographically, they prioritize investments in regions where these technologies can address large-scale global challenges. Their approach combines patient capital with a hands-on partnership, emphasizing long-term relationships and follow-on funding to help ventures scale successfully. Impact Venture typically provides early-stage funding between £100,000 and £500,000 and invests in bold leaders using advanced technologies to solve urgent societal issues. The firm’s strategy is underpinned by a strong belief in measurable outcomes—both financial and impact-driven—and they prefer startups with strong scientific or technological foundations. The CEO, Kateryna Filippi, leads the team from London, bringing deep expertise in supporting ventures that are reshaping industries​.

Impact46 is a leading venture capital firm based in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, established in 2019. The firm focuses on early and growth-stage investments, particularly in the tech sector, and is one of the first VC firms to be authorized by Saudi Arabia's Capital Market Authority (CMA). Impact46 primarily invests in startups within Saudi Arabia but also targets promising opportunities across the MENA region. Key sectors include fintech, e-commerce, and SaaS. Their portfolio consists of notable startups like Jahez (a food delivery platform), Tamara (a buy-now-pay-later fintech company), and Syarah (an online automotive platform). Impact46’s investment in Jahez yielded a significant return, with the company going public in 2021 and offering a 22x return on investment. The firm’s strategy revolves around supporting local entrepreneurs with capital and strategic guidance to scale their businesses. They manage multiple funds, including a $133 million fund launched to continue supporting tech-driven startups across the region.

Incisive Ventures is a venture capital firm based in Seattle, Washington, founded by Martin Tobias. The firm focuses primarily on pre-seed and seed-stage investments, targeting transformative founders who are working on high-impact, innovative projects. Incisive Ventures has a strong emphasis on sectors such as artificial intelligence (AI), data, SaaS, fintech, and marketplaces. The firm is known for its deep engagement with founders, providing not just capital but also strategic advice and operational support. Incisive Ventures is particularly interested in identifying and supporting startups that demonstrate strong growth potential and the ability to scale efficiently. They maintain a high-conviction, low-volume investment strategy, working closely with a select number of companies to ensure they have the best chance of success. Incisive Ventures also places a significant focus on evaluating startups based on their team dynamics, market size, go-to-market strategies, competition, and unit economics, as discussed in their various insights and webinars. The firm prides itself on being a partner for growth, offering tailored support to help startups navigate the complex early stages of their development​.

Incofin Investment Management is a Belgium-based impact investment firm with a strong focus on financial inclusion, agri-food value chains, and access to water in emerging markets. Headquartered in Antwerp, the firm also has regional offices in Bogotá, Chennai, Delhi, Phnom Penh, and Nairobi. Incofin manages assets over EUR 1.4 billion, supporting entrepreneurs in developing countries. Incofin’s portfolio includes funds like the Incofin India Progress Fund, which invests in financial inclusion and the agri-food value chain in rural India, and the Climate Smart Microfinance Fund (ICMF), which supports climate-resilient financial institutions. Other notable funds include the Nutritious Foods Financing Facility (N3F), targeting malnutrition in Sub-Saharan Africa, and the Water Access Acceleration Fund, aimed at providing safe drinking water in Africa and Asia. The firm places a significant emphasis on social performance management (SPM), using tools like ECHOS-AgPO and SPI4-Alinus to assess and monitor the impact of its investments. Incofin’s approach includes rigorous due diligence, continuous monitoring of social and environmental impact, and a commitment to client protection principles. Incofin’s investment strategy focuses on early to growth-stage companies that demonstrate high social impact and align with sustainable development goals. The firm’s global team of over 100 professionals works closely with investees to navigate challenges and create value, ensuring that investments contribute positively to both financial returns and social outcomes.

Incubate Fund, established in 2010, is a leading early-stage venture capital firm based in Tokyo, Japan. The firm has a significant presence globally, with offices in key locations such as Singapore, Bangalore, Mumbai, São Paulo, and Mountain View. Known for its extensive portfolio, Incubate Fund has invested in over 300 companies and has facilitated numerous successful exits, including notable firms like Pixie Dust Technologies, Sansan, and WealthNavi. Incubate Fund Asia, a branch of the firm, recently announced the first close of its third fund with a target corpus of $50 million. This fund aims to support pre-seed and seed-stage startups across India and Southeast Asia, focusing on sectors such as B2B, B2C, supply chain, and consumer tech. Notable investments by Incubate Fund Asia include Captain Fresh, ShopKirana, and Yulu. The firm’s mission is to empower startups and fuel innovation across Asia. Incubate Fund provides financial support and strategic guidance to help startups achieve market leadership and sustainable growth

Indaco Venture Partners SGR, established in 2016, is Italy's largest independent venture capital firm, managing over €350 million across six funds. Their investment strategy is centered on breakthrough innovations, focusing primarily on sectors like electronics, robotics, medtech, biotech, pharma, and digital technologies. Indaco is renowned for supporting startups with cutting-edge proprietary technologies, typically participating in seed to Series B rounds with investments starting from €3 million. The firm's geographic reach spans Europe, the U.S., and Israel, but its core focus remains on Italian enterprises. Their anchor investors include leading institutions like Intesa Sanpaolo, Fondazione Cariplo, and the European Investment Fund, underscoring their credibility in the European VC landscape. Indaco has also forged strategic partnerships in digital and biotech sectors, such as with growITup and Università di Milano, allowing them to leverage deep industry expertise. Led by co-founders Davide Turco, Elizabeth Robinson, and Antonella Beltrame, the team has a wealth of experience in venture capital and has achieved numerous successful exits, including IPOs and major corporate transactions. Indaco's diverse team brings backgrounds from private equity, science, and technology research, giving them a unique ability to identify high-potential startups. For founders, Indaco’s rigorous selection process favors companies that can demonstrate technological leadership and scalability, especially those looking to expand globally. Their track record of over 40 portfolio companies and more than 15 successful exits makes them a key player in fostering the next generation of innovative leaders.

Index Ventures is a renowned venture capital firm with dual headquarters in San Francisco and London. Founded in 1996, the firm has a strong track record of investing in transformative companies across various sectors including technology, fintech, healthcare, and consumer products. Notable investments by Index Ventures include some of the biggest names in tech and business today. These include Dropbox, Figma, Slack, Roblox, Adyen, and Deliveroo. The firm has been instrumental in the growth of these companies, providing both financial backing and strategic support​. Index Ventures has raised several significant funds to support its investment strategy. Recently, they closed $3.1 billion in new funds, which are spread across early-stage, growth-stage, and seed-stage investments. This substantial capital allows them to back innovative startups from inception through to maturity​. The firm is known for its deep commitment to the entrepreneurs they support, emphasizing close partnerships and long-term growth. This approach has made Index Ventures a preferred partner for visionary founders looking to scale their businesses globally​.

Indicator Ventures, founded in 2014, is an early-stage venture capital firm with offices in Boston and New York. The firm focuses on investing in technology companies that enhance digital health, enterprise automation, and financial technology. They emphasize the consumerization and accessibility of these sectors, aiming to support transformational companies from the pre-seed to seed stages. Notable investments by Indicator Ventures include Audioshake, BOND, and Unikrn, reflecting their commitment to supporting innovative tech solutions that streamline work, life, and wealth-building. They typically invest up to $2 million in new companies, often leading or co-leading funding rounds and partnering with other top seed-stage investors. Indicator Ventures values mission-driven, problem-obsessed founders with the ability to execute their vision effectively. Their investment strategy is hands-on, providing support in talent acquisition, company culture, and strategic guidance to help portfolio companies navigate challenges and scale successfully. They maintain a lean investment model, allowing them to dedicate significant time and resources to each portfolio company.

Indico Capital Partners, based in Lisbon, Portugal, focuses on early-stage technology and sustainability investments, especially in AI, SaaS, fintech, and the blue economy. Notable investments include Rows, FRVR, and Oceano Fresco. With over €194 million in assets under management across six funds, Indico plays an active role in scaling startups from Portugal and Spain to a global level. Indico typically leads rounds at the seed stage, investing between €100K to €5M per company, and often co-invests with larger firms like Accel. They also offer hands-on support through their Indico Founders Program, providing mentorship and access to their international network. Indico is particularly focused on companies with global ambitions, leveraging their team’s expertise and investor network to help scale ventures beyond local markets. The team includes co-founders Stephan Morais, Ricardo Torgal, and Cristina Fonseca, all of whom have strong backgrounds in tech and venture capital. They favor founders who demonstrate resilience and ambition, and startups are encouraged to approach them with a clear focus on scalability. Indico’s strategic focus is on sustainable, high-impact innovations, with a particular interest in companies contributing to marine ecosystem health and climate tech.

IndieBio, founded in 2014, is a leading accelerator and venture capital firm focusing on early-stage biotech companies. It operates under SOSV, a global venture capital firm with over $1.5 billion in assets under management. IndieBio provides startups with an initial investment of up to $525,000, followed by continued support throughout subsequent funding rounds, deploying 80% of its capital post-program​. IndieBio has two main locations in San Francisco and New York, supporting a wide range of biotech innovations. Its portfolio includes companies like Upside Foods, NotCo, and Prellis Biologics, which are working on cutting-edge solutions in food tech, AI-driven product development, and 3D bioprinting, respectively. IndieBio emphasizes a diverse and inclusive environment, working with founders from various backgrounds and nationalities. The program is designed to help founders from the earliest stages, including pre-seed and seed, through Series A, by providing access to a robust network of mentors, industry experts, and co-investors​.

Inflection Point Ventures (IPV) is one of India’s leading angel investment platforms, established in 2018. With a network of over 22,000 investors, IPV connects startups with experienced investors, including CXOs and industry leaders, providing both financial backing and strategic guidance. IPV stands out for its focus on nurturing early-stage startups across diverse sectors such as healthcare, fintech, edtech, and deep tech, supporting businesses with funding starting as low as INR 1 lakh. IPV’s investment strategy is centered on collective wisdom, enabling investors to collaborate closely with startups and help them scale effectively. Startups not only receive capital but also benefit from mentorship and technological support, including AWS credits and access to an exclusive Founders Genie program. Key portfolio companies include Buyofuel and Vested, which have received significant follow-on investments. IPV also prides itself on a streamlined and transparent investment process that includes detailed due diligence and post-funding engagement. For investors, IPV offers a democratized approach to angel investing, providing opportunities to invest in high-potential startups while gaining access to a robust network of industry experts.

Initialized Capital, founded in 2012 by Alexis Ohanian and Garry Tan, is an early-stage venture capital firm based in San Francisco and New York. The firm focuses on seed-stage investments across a wide range of industries, including software, artificial intelligence, healthcare, fintech, sustainability, consumer, and crypto. With over $3.2 billion in assets under management, Initialized Capital has backed more than 200 companies, including 27 unicorns like Coinbase, Instacart, and Flexport. Initialized Capital's unique approach emphasizes investing early, often when companies are valued below $20 million, and providing comprehensive support to founders. This includes assistance in product development, engineering, design, operations, legal, finance, and more. The firm's team comprises experts with diverse backgrounds, ensuring founders receive the guidance they need to navigate the venture landscape​. The firm recently raised $700 million across two new funds: a $530 million core fund for new investments and a $170 million opportunity fund for follow-on investments. This brings their total assets under management to over $3.2 billion, highlighting their significant growth and influence in the venture capital space​.

EIT InnoEnergy is a leading venture capital firm based in Europe, focusing on sustainable energy and cleantech investments. Founded in 2010, the firm has supported over 480 startups and manages an equity portfolio of more than 200 companies, aiming to generate significant revenue and reduce global carbon footprints by 2030. The firm’s portfolio includes innovative companies across various sectors such as energy storage, renewable energies, green hydrogen, and sustainable cities. Notable investments include Prime Battery Technologies, which provides affordable energy storage solutions, and Novatron, which develops nuclear fusion reactors for large-scale energy production. Other significant investments are Nevomo, which works on magnetic levitation-based transportation systems, and GravitHy, which aims to decarbonize steel production using hydrogen. EIT InnoEnergy has been recognized as Europe’s top impact investor in cleantech, reflecting its commitment to driving the energy transition and supporting innovations that combat climate change. The firm collaborates with a wide network of strategic partners, including global corporations and financial institutions, to provide comprehensive support to its portfolio companies. This ecosystem approach helps startups overcome challenges and achieve market success, ensuring they can scale effectively and contribute to global sustainability goals.

Innogest Capital, founded in 2005 and based in Turin, Italy, is a prominent venture capital firm with additional offices in Milan, Geneva, and San Francisco. The firm focuses primarily on early-stage investments, particularly in the healthcare and digital sectors. Notable investments include companies like Empatica, Affera, and BetaGlue Technologies. Innogest Capital has a diversified portfolio across several industries. In healthcare, they have invested in companies such as GreenBone, MedLumics, and Newronika, focusing on innovative medical devices, diagnostics, and therapeutic platforms. Their technology investments include digital platforms like MioAssicuratore, Soul-K, and Beintoo, which span online insurance brokerage, food delivery services, and digital marketing solutions. The firm's strategy involves investing between €0.2 million to €2 million in promising startups, helping them scale through hands-on support and leveraging their extensive network. They have made 85 investments to date and have successfully exited from companies like Affera, Everli, and Renovacor. Key team members include Claudio Giuliano, the Co-Founder and CEO, and partners like Giovanni Leo and Franco Rutili, who bring a wealth of experience in venture capital and industry-specific expertise. Innogest Capital is known for its robust support of entrepreneurial visionaries and its commitment to fostering innovation across various sectors, making it a key player in the European venture capital landscape.

EnBW New Ventures (ENV) is the venture capital arm of EnBW, dedicated to investing in early and growth-stage startups that drive the energy transition and sustainability initiatives. Based in Karlsruhe, Germany, ENV has a strong focus on innovative technologies that support decarbonization and digital transformation in energy and related sectors​. ENV's portfolio includes a diverse range of companies, such as Cozero, which offers a comprehensive carbon management software for enterprises; Easelink, known for its Matrix Charging® technology that automates electric vehicle charging; and Intigriti, a global cybersecurity platform connecting companies with ethical hackers​. They also invest in startups like enspired, which automates energy trading, and Holo-Light, which provides augmented reality solutions for industrial applications​. Since its inception, ENV has invested over €125 million across 25 startups, aiming to accelerate the shift to sustainable energy and technologies​ (ENGIE New Ventures)​. The firm’s investments span various geographies and sectors, emphasizing innovations in energy efficiency, renewable energy, energy storage, and smart city solutions. ENV's approach involves not only financial investment but also leveraging EnBW's extensive industry expertise and network to support the growth and scaling of their portfolio companies. This hands-on partnership model has made ENV a significant player in the venture capital space, particularly in the clean energy and sustainability sectors.